Evaluation of efficacy of Trichoderma and Bacillus isolates in biological control of melon fusarium wilt

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

Three isolates of Trichoderma spp. (T. harzianum, T. longibrachiatum and T. viride) and two isolates of Bacillus bacteria were evaluated in biological control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Meloni, the causal agent ofFusarium wilt disease of melon in the laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Dual culture, antimicrobial metabolites, and volatile metabolites were used in In vitro assay. Fungal pathogen colony area was recorded, compared with control and induced inhibition of growth was determined. A greenhouse experiments was also performed to test the efficacy of Trichoderma and Bacillus isolates in biological control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis. This experiment displayed the antagonistic ability using dual culture simultaneous and dual culture non-simultaneous assays against fungal pathogen. Results showed that Trichoderma harzianum 6with 70% and T. viride10 with 52.9 reduction in the growth of fungal pathogen were the most efficient isolates respectively in comparison with the control. Results of dual culture assays also indicated that Bacillus 62 with 30.5%, in volatile metabolite test, Bacillus 15whit 12.37% and cell free culture test of Bacillus with 100% , were the most efficient in reducing mycelia growth of pathogenic fungus. Percent survival of the melon plants in pots treated with a mixture of both Bacillus, and Trichoderma isolates and healthy control was 100. However, the number of survived plants in other treatments varied from 65.2 to 79.38%.  The above results were obtained statistically by mean comparison at 1% probability level using LSD test.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Ashrafizadeh. A., Etebarian, H.& Zamanizadeh, H. 2002. Evaluation of Trichoderma isolates for biocontrol of Fusarium wilt of melon. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology, 41(1): 39-57.
Banihashemi, Z. 2010. Reaction of Cucumis melo cultivars to races of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis the cause of melon vascular milt. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology, 46(1): 11-22.
Burgess, L.W., Summerell, B.A., Bullock, S., Gott, K.P. & Backhouse, D. 1994. Laboratory Manual forFusarium Research. 3rd Edition, Department of Crop Science, University of Sydney/Royal Botanic Gardens.
Chang, Y.C., Chang, Y.C., Baker, R., Kleifeld, O.& Chet, L. 1986. Increased growth of plant in presence of the biological control agent Trichoderma harzianum. Plant Disease, 70:145-148.
Covert, S.F, Kapoor, P., Lee, M., Briley, A. & Naim, C.J. 2001. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of Fusarium circinatum. Mycological Research, 105(3): 259-264.
Etebarian, H.R., Scott, E.S. & Wicks, T.J. 2000. Trichoderma harzianum T39 and T. virens DAR 74290 as potential biological control agents for Phytophthora erythrosptica. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 106(4): 329-337.
Fiddaman P.J.&Rossall, S. 1993. The production of antifungal volatiles by Bacillus subtilis. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 74(2): 119-126.
Frommel, M.I., Pazos, G.S. &Nowak, J. 1991. Plant-growth stimulation and biocontrol of Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici) by inoculation of tomato seeds with Serratia plymuthica and Pseudomonas sp. Fitopathologia, 26(2): 66-73.
Hagedorn. C., Gould, W.D. & Bardinelli, T.R. 1989. Rhizobacteria of cotton and their repression of seedling disease pathogens. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 55(11):2793–2797.
Harman, G.E., Howell, C.R., Virerbo, A., Chet, I., & Lorito, M. 2004. Trichoderma species opportunistic, avirulent plant symbionts. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2: 43-56.
Hibar, K., Daami-Remadi, M., &El-Mahjoub, M. 2007. Induction of resistance in tomato plants against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici by Trichoderma spp.. Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection, 2: 47-58.
Hirai, G., Nakazumi, H., Yagi, R. & Nakano, M. 2002. Fusarium wilt race l,2y resistant melon (Cucumis melo) rootstock cultivars ‘DODAI No.l’ and ‘DODAI No.2’. Acta Horticulturae, 588:155-160.
Howell, C.R., 2003. Mechanisms Employed by Trichoderma Species in the Biological Control of plant Diseases: The history and evolution of current concepts. Plant Disease, 87(1): 4-10.
Iraqi, M.M., Rahnama, K. & Taghinasab, M. 2009. A survey on biocontrol of Rhizoctoia solani Kuhn damping-off of tomato with Bacillus subtili. Journal of Plant Production, 16(3):186-191.
Kim, D.S, Weller D.M. & Cook, R.J. 1997. Population dynamics of Bacillus sp. L324-92R(12) and Pseudomonas fluorescens 2-70RN(10) in the rhizosphere of wheat. Phytopathology, 87(5): 559-564.
Kraus, J. & Loper, J.E. 1992. Lack of evidence for a role of antifungal metabolite production by Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 in biological control of Pythium damping-off of cucumber. Phytopathology, 82: 264-271.
Lumsden, R.D. & Locke, J.C. 1989. Biological control of damping-off caused by Pythium ultuimum and Rhizoctonia solani with Gliocladium virens in soilless mix. Phytopathology, 79: 361-366.
Martínez-Medina, A., Pascual, J.A., Pérez-Alfocea, F., Albacete, A. & Roldán, A. 2010. Trichoderma harzianum and Glomus intraradices modify the hormone disruption induced by Fusarium oxysporum infection in melon plants. Phytopathology, 100: 682-688.
Samuels, G.J., Chaverri, P., Farr, D.F. & McCray, E.B. 2011. Trichoderma Online, Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. From: /taxadescriptions/keys/TrichodermaIndex.cfm.
Schisler, D.A., Slininger, P.J., Behle, R.W. & Jackson, M.A. 2004. Formulation of Bacillus spp. for biological control of plant diseases. Phytopathology 94:1267-1271.
Seifert, K.A. 1996. Fuskey Fusarium Interactive key Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Research Branch, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Ottawa.
Shoda, M., 2000. Bacterial control of plant disease. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 89(6): 515-521.
Zafari, D., Ershad, J., Zare, R. & Alizadeh, A. 2002. A contribution to the identification of Trichoderma species in Iran. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology, 38(1-2): 21-45.
Zhang, J.X., Xue, A.G. & Tambong, J.T. 2009. Evaluation of seed and soil treatments with novel Bacillus subtilis strains for control of soybean root rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum and F. graminearum. Plant Disease, 93(12):1317-1323.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics