Use of machine vision system for evaluation of biocontrol potential of two antagonistic yeasts in combination with silicon against blue mold of apple fruit

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

Plant diseases severity is presently evaluated using manual tools such as ruler, digital ruler or by scaling. Extending the great potential of computer science in accurate and rapid determination of disease severity, this study was conducted to evaluate biological control potential of two yeasts, Pichia guilliermondii (A6) and Candida membranifaciens (A4) in combination with silicon (Si) at 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5% for controlling Penicillium expansum P1 and P2 at 20 ˚C. The results showed that antagonistic yeasts controlled blue mold of apple significantly. Combination of the yeasts with Si improved the control of blue mold in comparison with yeasts alone. Statistical information obtained from the infected area in RGB channels showed that blue average (R2=0.70) was the most important and green standard deviation (R2=0.43) was the least important factors in recognition of disease severity. Linear discrimination analysis using blue average, green average, blue standard deviation, red standard deviation, green kurtosis and green standard deviation separated the disease severity statistical groups with the accuracy of 80%. The overall results of this study suggest that the color could be a powerful descriptor which could be applied for determination of disease severity in apple blue mold.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Ahmad, I. S., Reid, J. F., Paulsen, M. R., & Sinclair, J. B. 1999. Color classifier for symptomatic soybean seeds using image processing. Plant Disease. 83: 320-327.
Bock, C. H., Parker, P. E., Cook, A. Z., & Gottwald, T. R. 2008. Characteristics of the perception of different severity measures of citrus canker and the relationships between the various symptom types. Plant Disease. 92: 927- 939.
Droby, S., Chalutz, E., Wilson, C.L., & Wisniewski, M., 1989. Characterization of the biocontrol activity of Debaryomyces hansenii in the control of Penicillium digitatum on grapefruit. Canadian Journal of Microbiology. 35: 794–800.
Druvefors, U. A. 2004. Yeast biocontrol of grain spoliage moulds–mode of action of Pichia anomala. Doctor’s dissertation, performed at the Department of Microbiology Swedish University of Agri Sci., 44pp.
El Ghaouth, A., Smilanick, J. L., Brown, G. E., Ippolito, A., Wisniewski, M., & Wilson, C. L. 2000a. Application of Candida saitoana and glycolchitosan for the control of postharvest diseases of apple and citrus fruit under semi-commercial conditions. Plant Disease. 84: 243-248.
El-Ghaouth, A., Smilanick, J. L., Wisniewski, M., & Wilson, C. L. 2000b. Improved control of apple and citrus fruit decay with a combination of Candida saitoana and 2-deoxy-D-glucose. Plant Disease. 84: 249-253.
El-Ghaouth, A., Wilson, C. L., Wisniewski, M. 1998. Ultrastructural and cytochemical aspects of the biological control of Botrytis cinerea by Candida saitoana in apple fruit. Phytopathology. 88: 282-291
Farahani, L. 2011. Studies of the combination of salicylic acid and silicon with antagonistic yeasts to control of apple blue mold in storage and possible mechanisms involved. M.Sc. dissertation, University of Tehran. P 97. (In Persian with English summary).
Farahani, L., & Etebarian, H. R. 2012. Enhancement of the efficacy of two antagonistic yeasts with salicylic acid against Penicillium expansum. Achieves of Phytopathology and Plant Protectection. 45: 260-267.
Farahani, L., Etebarian, H. R., Sahebani, N., & Aminian, H. 2012. Biocontrol of blue mould of apple by Candida membranifaciens in combination with silicon. Achieves of Phytopathology and Plant Protectection. 45: 310-317
Gholamnejad, J. 2009. Studies on biological control of blue mold in apple by some yeast isolates and their mechanisms of antagonism. M.Sc. dissertation, University of Tehran. P 152. (In Persian with English summary).
Gholamnejad, J., Etebarian, H. R., & Sahebani, N. 2009. Biological control of apple blue mold with Candida membranifaciens and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. African Journal of Food. Science. 4(1): 001-007.
Inanaga, S., Okasaka, A., & Tanaka, S., 1995. Does silicon exist in association with organic compounds in rice plant? Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 41: 111-117.
Lima, G., De Curtis, F., Castoria, R. De Cicco, V. 1998. Activity of the yeasts Cryptococcus laurentii and Rhodotorula glutinis against post-harvest rots on different fruits. Biocontrol Science and Technology. 8: 257-267.
Nilsson, H. E. 1995. Remote sensing and image analysis in plant pathology. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology. 17:154-166.
Pierson. C. F., Leponis, M. J., & McColloch, L. P. 1971. Market diseases of apples, pears and quince. U.S. Dep. Agric., Agric. Handb. Vol. 376. U. S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington, DC.
Suzuki, G., Sawai, H., Ohtani, M., Nogami, S., Sano-Kumagai, F., Saka, A., Yukawa, M., Saito, T. L., Sese, J., Hirata, D., Morishita, S., & Ohya, Y., 2006. Evaluation of image processing programs for accurate measurement of budding and fission yeast morphology. Current Genetics. 49: 237–247.
Teixido, N., Usall, J., & Vinas, I. 1999. Efficacy of preharvest and postharvest Candida sake biocontrol treatment to prevent blue mold on apples during cold storage. Food Microbiology. 50: 302-210.
Tucker C. C., & Chakraborty S. 1997. Quantitative assessment of lesion characteristics and disease severity using digital image processing. Phytopathology. 145: 273-278.
Vero, S., Mondino, P., Burgaeno, J., Soubes, M., & Wisniewski, M. 2002. Chracterizatioin of biological activity of two yeast strains from Uruguay against blue mold of apple. Postharvest biology and Technology. 26: 91-98.
Wilson, C. L., & Wisniewski, M. E. 1989. Biological control of postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables an emerging technology.Annual Review of Phytopathology. 27: 425-441.
Yao, H., Tian, S., & Wang, Y. 2004. Sodium bicarbonate enhances biocontrol efficacy of yeasts on fungal spoilage of pears. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 93: 297–304.
Yao, H. J., & Tian, S. P. 2005. Effects of a biocontrol agent and methyl jasmonate on postharvest diseases of peach fruit and the possible mechanisms involved. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 98: 941– 950.
Yu, T., Li, H. Y., & Zheng, X. D. 2007. Synergistic effect of chitosan and Cryptococcus laurentii on inhibition of Penicillium expansum infections. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 114: 261–266
BioControl in Plant Protection
Volume 1, Issue 1 - Serial Number 1
September 2013
Pages 29-39

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics