Study on the efficiency of Trichoderma isolates in controlling charcoal rot disease of soybean caused by Macrophomina phaseolina under greenhouse conditions

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Member of Scientific Board, Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Golestan

Abstract

Abstract
The charcoal rot disease caused by Macrophomina phaseolina is the most common disease of soybean in many parts of the world.  Because of the soil-born and high saprophytic nature of the fungus in the soil, lack of effective control of the disease and environmental contamination due to the application of chemical pesticides, beneficial microorganisms such as Trichoderma species can be used for biocontrol of plant diseases. In this study, two isolates of Trichoderma harzianum and T. atroviride were studied in biocontrol of M. phaseolina and in the induction of plant resistance to pathogen under greenhouse conditions. The results showed that in treatments of soil inoculated with pathogen, T. harzianum isolate reduced the disease by 62 and 65 percent in sterile and non-sterile soil, respectively. The T. atroviride isolate reduced the disease by 59 and 62 percent in the sterile and non-sterile soil, respectively. The combination of two Trichoderma isolates reduced the disease by 67 and 70 percent, respectively. According to the results, in the treatment of soybeans inoculated with pathogen, T. harzianum isolate reduced the disease by 56 and 58 percent in sterilized and non-sterilized soil, respectively.The Trichoderma atroviride isolate reduced the disease by 52 and 53 percent in sterile and non-sterile soil, respectively. The combination of two Trichoderma isolates reduced the disease by 60 and 63 percent, respectively. Trichoderma isolates in the non-sterile soil were more effective in reducing disease. Trichoderma isolates in treatments of inoculated soil with the pathogen were more effective in reducing disease. T. harzianum isolate decreased the disease more than T. atroviride isolate in both methods that pathogen was used. The combining of two Trichoderma isolates also had a greater impact on the reduction of disease and resistance induction.

 

Keywords


Abdullah, M.T., Ali, N.Y. & Suleman, P. 2008. Biological control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de bary with Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Crop Protection, 27: 1354-1359.
Adekunle, A.T., Ikotun, T., Florina, D.A. & Cardwell, K.F. 2006. Field evaluation of selected formulations of Trichoderma species as seed treatment to control damping-off of cowpea caused by Macrophomina phaseolina. African Journal of Biothechnology, 5: 419-424.
Ahmed, A. S., Sanchez, C. P., & Candela, M. E. 2000. Evaluation of induction of systemic resistance in pepper plants (Capsicum annum) to Phytophthora capsici using Trichoderma harzianum and its relation with capsidiol accumulation. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 106: 817-824.
Ashrafizadeh, A., Etebarian, H.R. & Zamanizadeh, H.R. 2005. Evaluation of Trichoderma isolates for biocontrol of Fusarium wilt of melon. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology, 41: 39-57 (In Persian with English summary).
Behboudi, K., Sharifi Tehrani, A., Hejaroud, Gh. & Zad, J. 2005. Antagonistic effects of Trichoderma species on Phytophthora capsici, the causal agent of pepper root and crown rot. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology, 41: 345-362 (In Persian with English summary).
Benitez, T., Rincon, A.M., Limon, M.C. & Codon, A.C. 2004. Biocontrol mechanisms of Trichoderma strains. International Microbiology, 7: 249-260.
Chang, K.F., Hwang, S.F., Wang, H., Turnbull, G. & Howard, R., 2006. Etiology and biological control of Sclerotinia blight of coneflower using Trichoderma species. Plant Pathology Journal, 5: 15-19.
El-Fiki, All., Mohamed, F.G., Hl-Deeb, A.A. & Khalifa, M.M.A. 2004. Some applicable methods for controlling sesame charcoal rot disease (Macrohomina phaseolina) under greenhouse conditions. Egypt Journal Phytopathology, 32: 87-101.
Etebarian, H.R. 2006. Evaluation of Trichoderma isolates for biological control of charcoal stem rot in melon caused by Macrophomina phaseolina. Journal Agriculture Science Technology, 8: 243-250.
Govindappaa, M., Lokeshb, S., Raib, V.R., Naikc, V.R. & Raju, S.G. 2010. Induction of systemic resistance and management of safflower Macrophomina phaseolina root-rot disease by biocontrol agents. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 43: 26-40.
Harman, G.E. & Kubicek, P.K. 1998. Trichoderma and Gliocladium. Vol. 2. Enzymes, Biological Control and Commercial Applications. Taylor and Francis, Londan, pp. 1-393.
Harman, G.E., Howell, C.R., Viterbo, A., Chet, I. & Lorito, M., 2004. Trichoderma species-opportunictic, avirulant plant symbionts. Nature Review Microbiology, 2: 43-56.
Heidari Faroughi, Sh., Etebarian, H. R. & Zamanizadeh, H.R. 2004. Evaluation of Trichoderma isolates for the biological control of Phytophthora drechsleri in glasshouse. Plant Pests and Diseases, 72: 113-134 (In Persian with English summary).
Howell, C.R. 2003. Mechanisms employed by Trichoderma species in the biological control of plant diseases: the history and evolution of current concepts. Plant Disease, 87: 4-10.
Jat, J.G. & Agalave, H.R. 2013. Antagonistic properties of Trichoderma species gainst oilseed-borne fungi. Science Research Reporter, 3: 171-174.
Khavasi, H., Rahnama, K, Sadeghi Pour, H. & Razavi, S.E. 2013. Impact of native Trichoderma species from kitchen garden farms on Phytophthora nicotianae pseudo-fungus. National Conference of Environmental Research, Hamadan, University of Shahid Mofateh (In Persian with English summary).
Lohda, S., Sharma, S.K., Mathur, B.K. & Aggarwal, R.K. 2003. Integration sublethal heating with Brassica amendments and summer irrigation for control of Macrophomina phaseolina. Plant Soil, 256: 423-430.
Lorito, M., Harman, G.E., Hayes, C.K., Broadway, R.M., Tronsmo, A., Woo, S.L. & Pietro, A. 1993. Chitinolytic enzymes produced by Trichoderma harzianum: antifungal activity of purified endochitinase and chitobiosidase. Phytopathology, 83: 302-307.
Montazernya, B., Rahnama, K., Barari, H. & Naeimi, Sh. 2008. Evaluation  impact of Trichoderma species isolated from soybean crops against the causal agent of charcoal rot Macrophomina phaseolina. Proceedings of the 18th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Hamedan, Iran (In Persian with English summary).
Monte, E. 2001. Understanding Trichoderma: between biotechnology and microbial ecology. International Microbiology, 4: 1-4.
Nejhadnasrollah, F., Rahnama, K., Zafari, D., Sadravi, M., Nasrollahnejhad, S. & Vakilizarej, Z. 2009. Study on antagonistic ability of Trichoderma species on rapeseed stem white rot disease. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 16(1-B): 446-455.
Norouzi, S., Rahnama, K., Rabbani nasab, H. & Taqi nasab, M. 2014. Evaluation of efficacy of Trichoderma and Bacillus isolates in biological control of melon Fusarium wilt. Biocontrol in Plant  Protection. 2(1): 43-55, (In Persian).
Reino, J.L., Guerrero, R.F., Hernández-Galán, R. & Collado, I. G. 2008. Secondary metabolites from species of the biocontrol agent Trichoderma. Phytochemistry Reviews, 7(1): 89-123.
Sinclair, G.B. & Backman, P.A. 1993. Compendium of Soybean Diseases (Translated by Rajabi, A.). University Publication Center, Tehran, 392 pp. (In Persian with English summary).
Singh, R.D.N. & Kaiser, S.A.K.M. 1995. Evaluation of some systemic and non systemic fungicides against the charcoal rot pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina of maize. Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 33: 54-58.
Sivan, A., Ucko, O. & Chet, I. 1986. Trichoderma harzianum and effective biocontrol agent of Fusarium spp. Microbial Communities in soil, 447 pp.
Vasebi, Y., Alizadeh, A. & Safaie, N. 2012. Biological Control of Soybean Charcoal Rot Caused by Macrophomina Phaseolina Using Trichoderma harzianum. Agriculture knowledge and sustainable production, 22: 41-54 (In Persian with English summary).
Vinale,  F., Sivasitamparam, K., Ghisalberti, E.L., Marra, R., Woo, S.L. & Lorito, M. 2008. Trichoderma plant-pathogen interactions. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 40: 1-10.
Wrather, J.A. & Kendig, S.R. 1998. Tillage effects on Macrophomina phaseolina population density and soybean yield. Plant Disease, 82: 247-250.