Antagonistic effects of fungal isolates and two commercial bioproducts in the control of sugar beet cyst nematode, Heterodera schachtii

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

The biological control of Heterodera schachtii, was investigated using Trichoderma harzianum, Talaromyces flauvs, Fusarium solani and Pochonia chlamydosporium antagonistic fungiisolated from sugar beet cyst nematode in Isfahan Province of Iran. Their effects were compared to those of two commercial bioproducts including Marigold (Amit Biotech Pvt. Ltd., India) and TRICHO-MIX H.V. (Fanavaran Hayat-e Sabz Co., Iran) in a completely randomized design greenhouse experiment with five replicates. Fungal isolates grown on sterile wheat seeds were added to the field soil and or pasteurized soil at the rate of 10 grams per pot along with Marigold and TRICHO-MIX H.V. at 0.2 and 2 grams per pot respectively. Pots were kept in a greenhouse at 25±2°C, with 70±10% RH for 90 days. Analysis of the variance of the results was first performed and comparisons of the means were done using Duncan's multiple range test by SAS 9.1 statistical software. The results showed that there were significant differences in final population density between treatments compared with nematode alone. T. harzianum128, Marigold, T. harzianum 93, TRICHO-MIX H.V., F. solani, T. flavus 94, T. flavus 134 and P. chlamydosporium reduced final population by 65.08, 60.72, 53.08, 47.99, 45.81, 42.17, 41.45 and 20.35%, respectively. Fresh and dry weight of the above and below ground and length of the stem and the root of sugar beet plants were significantly different in the pasteurized and field soil. Plants treated with Fusarium and Verticillium showed higher growth compared to the other treatments.

Keywords

References

Abdelazzez Heba, M. & Tewfike, T.A. 2014. Rice straw as nematicidal compound on root-knot nematode and microbial impact of population in rhizosphere of faba bean plant. Journal of Microbiology Research, 4(6): 201–209.
Ahmadi, A.R., Sharifi Tehrani, A., Kairi, A. & Hjaroud, G. 1998. Isolation of Fusarium solani and Paecilomyces spp. fungi and their performance on biological control of nematode Heterodera schachtii eggs in vitro. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology, 34(3-4): 186–197.
Booth, C. 1971. The Genus Fusarium. Commonwelth Mycological Institute Kew, Surrey, England, CAB International.
Butt, T.M., Gackson, C. & Magan, N. 2001. Fungi as Biocontrol Agents: Progress, Problems and Potential”. CABI Publishing.
Chen, S.Y. & Chen, F.J. 2003. Fungal parasitism of Heterodera glycines eggs as influenced by egg. Age and pre-colonization of cysts by other fungi. Journal of Nematology, 35(3): 271–277.
Dababat, A.A., Imren, M. Erginbas-Orakci, G., Ashrafi, S., Yavuzaslanoglu, E., Toktay, H., Pariyar, S.R., Elekcioglu, H.I., Morgounov, A. & Mekete, T. 2015. The importance and management strategies of cereal cyst nematodes, Heterodera spp. in Turkey. Euphytica . 202: 173–188.
Domsch, K.H., Gams, W. & Anderson, T.H. 2007. Compendium of soil fungi. 2nd ed. IHW-Verlag. Eching. Germany.
Draycott, A.P. 2006. Sugar Beet (World Agriculture Series). Wiley-Blackwell. London.
Fatemi, S. 1998. Study of antagonistic effects Paecilomyces fumosoroseus on Heterodera schachtii and Meloidogyne javanica. Iran Journal of Plant Pathathology, 49)2(: 65–67.
Fenwick, D.W. 1940. Methods for recovery and counting of H. schachtii from soil. J. Helminth. 18: 155–177.
Freeman, S., Minz, D., Kolesnik, I., Barbul, O., Zreibil, A., Maymon, M., Nitzani, Y., Kirshner, B., Rav-David, D., Bilo, A., Dag, A., Shafir, S. & Elad, Y. 2004. Trichoderma biocontrol of Colletotrichum acutatum and Botrytis cinerea, and survival in strawberry. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 110: 361–370.
Gabriel, M.M., Mauro, F.B.J. & Jerônimo, V.A.F. 2012. Trichoderma harzianum reduces population of Meloidogyne incognita in cucumber plants under greenhouse conditions. Journal of Entomology and Nematology, 4(6): 54–57.
Gao, X., Jackson, T.A. Hartman, G.L. & Niblack, T.L. 2006. Interactions between the soybean cyst nematode and Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines based. Journal of Phytopathology, 96 (12): 1409–1415.
Gholmirzaei N., Mousavi, M.R. & Mohammadi, S. 2013. Impact of compost and antagonistic fungi Purpureocillium lilacinu and Pochonia chlamydosporia in control of sugar beet cyst Heterodera schachtii. MSc Thesis, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht Branch.
Gray, F.A. & Koch, D.W. 1997. Biology and Management of the sugar beet nematode. University of Wyoming. B-957R .
Henderson, C.F. & Tilton, E.W. 1955. Tests with acaricides against the brow wheat mite. Journal of Economic Entomolgy, 48: 157–161.
Hooks, C.R.R., Wang, K.H., Ploeg, A. & McSorley, R. 2010. Using marigold (Tagetes spp.) as a cover crop to protect crops from plant-parasitic nematodes. Applied Soil Ecology, 46: 307–320.
Karimi, E., Safaie, N., Shamsbakhsh, M. & Mahmoudi S.B. 2016. Control of seedling damping-off disease on sugar beet caused by Rhizoctonia solani ag-2-2 by endophytic fungi and resistance inducer compounds as seed treatment. Plant Protection (Scientific Journal of Agriculture), 38(4): 33–52.
Keshavarz, A., Mousavi, M.R. & Basirnia, T. 2013. Effects of antagonistic fungi Trichoderma harzianum and crop residues and manure Pochonia chlamydosporia on control of beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii). M.Sc. Thesis, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht Branch.
Khezrinejad, N., Ghosta, Y. & Niknam, G.H. 2006. Fungi associated with sugar beet cyst nematode from fields of W. Azerbaijan. Rostaniha, 7 (2): 149–162.
Koch, G. 1991. Evaluation of commercial products for microbial control of soil born plant disease. Crop Production, 18: 119–125.
Kooliyottil, R., Dandurand, L.M., Govindan, B.N. & Knudsen G.R. 2016. Microscopy method to compare cyst nematode infection of different plant species. Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology, 7: 311–318.
Krueger, R., Dover, K.E., McSorley, R. & Wang, K.H. 2007. Marigolds (Tagetes spp.) for nematode management. Entomology and Nematology Dept., Florida Coop. Ext. Serv., Inst. of Food and Agr. Sci., University of Florida, Gainesville. ENY-056. <http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/NG045>.
Lopez, D.J. & Romero, M.D. 1988. Fangal parasites off eggs and cysts of Heterodera schachtii (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) in the Duero valley. Page 30 in: Helminthology, Abst. (Series B). 58, No.1.
Manzanilla-López, R.H., Esteves,I.M., Finetti-Sialer, M.M. Hirsch, P.R., Ward, E., Devonshire, G.& Hidalgo-Díaz, L. 2013. Pochonia chlamydosporia: Advances and challenges to improve its performance as a biological control agent of sedentary endo-parasitic nematodes. The Journal of Nematology. 45(1): 1–7.
Mahdikhani Moghadam, E., Rouhani, H. & Fallahty Rastegar, M. 2009. Biological control of beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii by Trichoderma in laboratory and greenhouse. Water and Soil Sciences.
13: 301–313.
Meyer, S.L.F., Huettel, R.N. & Sayre, RM. 1990. Isolation of fungi from Heterodera glycines and in vitro bioassays for their antagonism to eggs. Journal of  Nematology, 22(4): 532–537.
Mokhtari, F. & Olia, M. 2015. Biocontrol of root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne javanica) using isolates Pochonia chlamydosporia var. chlamydosporia in tomatoes. Plant Protection (Journal of Agriculture), 38(3): 67–79.
Mulvey, R.H. & Golden, M.A. 1983. An illustrated key to the cyst forming genera and species of Heteroderidae in the westem hemisphere with species morphometrics and distribution. Nematology, 15(1): 1–59.
Mulvey, R.H. 1972. Identification of Heterodera cyst by terminal and cone top structures. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 50(10): 1277–1292.
Naraghi L., Heydari A., Rezaee S. & Razavi M. 2012a. Biocontrol agent Talaromyces flavus stimulates the growth of cotton and potato. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation. 31(4): 471–477.
Naraghi L., Heydari A., Rezaee S., Razavi M. & Afshari-Azad H. 2012b. Promotion of growth characteristics in greenhouse cucumber and tomato by Talaromyces flavus. International Journal of Agriculture Science Research, 2(3): 129–141.
Naraghi, L., Heydari, A., Askari, H., Pourrahim, R. & Marzban, R. 2014. Biological control of Polymyxa betae, fungal vector of rhizomania disease of sugar beets in greenhouse conditions. Journal of Plant Protection Research, 54(2): 109–113
Nelson, P.E., Toussoun, T.A. & Marasus, W.F.O. 1983. Fusarium species: An illustrated manual for identification. Pensylvania state university. Press. University. Park.
Norouzi, P. 2013. Molecular evaluation and incensement of cyst nematode resistance gene frequency during several generations of self-pollination in sugar beet. Journal of Crop Breeding, 6 (13): 49–60.
Oostenbrink, M. 1966. Major characteristics of the relation between nematodes and plants. Meded Landbank, Hoogeschool  Wageningen, 66: 1–46.
Qadri, A.N. & Saleh, H.M. 1990. Fungi associated with Heterodera schachtii (Nematoda) in Jordan. JI. Effect on H. schachtii and M. javanica. Nematologica, 36: 104–113.
Riga, E. 2009. The potential of marigolds to control insect pests and plant parasitic nematodes. sustaining the pacific northwest, 7 (3): 1–12.
Samson, R. A. 1974. Paecilomyces and some allied Hyphomycetes. Studies in Mycology, 6:119.
SAS Institute. 2004. SAS/STAT User’s Guide. Version 9.1.3. Cary: SAS Institute Inc.
Sharon, E., Bar-Eyal, M., Chet, I., Herrera-Estrella, A., Keleifed, O. & Spiegel, Y. 2001. Biological control of the root knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica by Trichoderma harzianum. Phytopathology, 91(7): 687–693.
Siddiqui, I.A., Qureshi S.A., Sultana V., Ehteshamul-Haque S. & Ghaffar A. 2000. Biological control of rot-root knot disease complex of tomato. Plant Soil, 227: 163–169.
Siddiqui, I.A., Amer-Zareen, Zaki MJ. & Shaukat, S.S. 2001. Use of Trichoderma species in the control of Meloidogyne javanica, root knot nematode of okra and mungbean. Pakistan Journal of Biolological Science, 4:846–848.
Siddiqui, Z.A & Sayeed Akhtar, M. 2008. Effects of antagonistic fungi, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alone and in combination on the reproduction of Meloidogyne incognita and growth of tomato. Journal of General Plant Pathology. 75: 144–158.
Sobczak, M. & Golinowski, W. 2011. Cyst nematodes and syncytia. In: Jones J, Gheysen G, Fenoll C, editors. Genomics and Molecular Genetics of Plant-Nematode Interactions. Dordrecht, Heidelberg, London, New York: Springer Science Business Media.
Southey, J.F. 1970. Laboratory methods for work with plant and soil nematodes. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. London.
Stirling, C.R. 1991. Biological control of plant parasitic nematodes. C.A.B. International. Redwood Press Ltd., Melksham, UK.
Wang, K.H., Hooks, C.R. & Ploeg, A.T. 2007. Protecting crops from nematode pests: Using Marigold as an alternative to chemical nematicides. Plant Disease, 1–6 p.
Westphal, A. & Becker, J.O. 2001. Components of soil suppressiveness against Heterodera schachtii. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 33: 9–16.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics