Host preference and switching of two populations of Trissolcus vassilievi between two host populations

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

2 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

3 Plant Protection Research Department, Tehran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Varamin, Iran

Abstract

Host selection by parasitoids has vital effects on their fitness. Trissolcus vassilievi (Hym., Platygastridae) is a species with high biological potential in sunn pest control. Those parasitoids that develop in higher quality hosts are more vital and fecund than those develop in lower quality hosts. In this study, host preference and switching behavior of two populations of T. vassilievi (Tabriz and Varamin) was investigated on the same populations of the host at ratios of 5:1, 4:2, 3:3, 2:4 and 1:5 clutches. Host measurements revealed that host eggs was significantly heavier in the Varamin bugs than the Tabriz ones. The Varamin wasps were also larger than the Tabriz wasps and the progeny of the crosses was closer to the maternal populations. Data analysis was done by Murdoch (1969) and Cock (1978) methods. Referring to the values of c1 (preference index for Tabriz sunn pest) and c2 (preference index for Varamin sunn pest), Varamin population of T. vassilievi presented negative tendency to Tabriz host and positive tendency although non-significant to Varamin host. Linear regression analysis also showed significant trend of the parameter "c" over the host ratio in both parasitoids which confirms presence of switching behavior. In general, we can say that difference between host populations is less considerable than what can affect host-preference by the wasp.

Keywords


Allahyari, H. 1999. Mass production of the spined soldier bug, Podisus maculiventris Say and investigating the possibility of using its eggs to produce parasitoid wasps of sunn pest egg. M.Sc. Thesis. Tehran University, Tehran, Iran (In Persian with English summary).
Arakawa, R., Miura, M. & Fujita, M. 2004. Effects of host species on the body size, fecundity, and longevity of Trissolcus mitsukurii (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), a solitary egg parasitoid of stink bugs. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 39: 177–181.
Asgari, S. 2002. Comparative fitness of the eggs of Graphosoma lineatum (L.) (Pentatomidae) and Eurygaster integriceps Put. (Scutelleridae) to the egg parasitoid Trissolcus semistriatus Nees (Scelionidae). Ph.D. Thesis. Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (In Persian with English summary).
Asgari, S. 2004a. Comparing population parameters of egg parasitoid, Trissolcus semistriatus on the host eggs, Graphosoma lineatum and Eurygaster integriceps for host fitness determination. Proceedings of the 16th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August-1 September, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran, p. 38.
Asgari, S. 2004b. Host preference and switching in the egg parasitoid Trissolcus semistriatus to the egss of Striped pentatomid and Sunn pest. Proceedings of the 16th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 August-1 September, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran, p. 15.
Asgari, S. & Sahragard, A. 2002. Comparing the biology of egg parasitoid, Trissolcus semistriatus reared on egg of sunn pest and stripped pentatomid. Proceedings of 15th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 24–30 August, University of Kermanshah, p. 7.
Benamolaei, P., Iranipour, S. & Asgari, S. 2015a. Biostatistics of Trissolcus vassilievi (Hym., Scelionidae) developed on sunn pest eggs cold-stored for different durations. Munis Entomology and Zoology, 10(1): 259–271.
Benamolaei, P., Iranipour, S. & Asgari, S. 2015b. Effect of the host embryogenesis on efficiency of Trissolcus vassilievi. Biocontrol in Plant Protection, 3(1): 83–100.
Benamolaei, P., Iranipour, S. & Asgari, S. 2018. Functional response of two populations of Trissolcus vassilievi on sunn pest eggs. Journal of Applied Research in Plant Protection, 6(4): 89–106.
Bernal, J.S., Luck, R.F. & Morse, J.G. 1999. Host influences on sex ratio, longevity, and egg load of two Metaphycus species parasitic on soft scales: implications for insectary rearing. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 92: 191–204.
Bradford, M.M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantization of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Annual Review of Biochemistry, 72: 248–254.
Charles, A.T., Norman, F.J. & Borror, D.J. 2005. Borror and Delong’s introduction to the study of insects. 7th edition, California, Peter Marshall. 864 pp.
Charnov, E.L. 1976. Optimal foraging, the marginal value theorem. Theoretical Population Biology, 9: 129–136.
Cock, M.J.W. 1978. The assessment of preference. Journal of Animal Ecology, 47: 805–816.
Davachi, A. & Shojaei, M. 1969. Insectivorous's Bees Iran. Publications of Karaj Agricultural College.
Donaldson, J.S. & Walter, G.H. 1984. Sex ratios of Spalangia endius (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), in relation to current theory. Ecological Entomology, 9: 395–402.
Godfray, H.C.J. 1994. Parasitoids: Behavioral and Evolutionary Ecology. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ. 475 pp.
Gözüaçık, C. & Yiğit, A. 2011. The host preferences of Trissolcus semistriatus Nees, egg parasitoid of sunnpest, Eurygaster integriceps Putman. IV. Bitki Koruma Kongresi Bildirileri, 28-30 Haziran, Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye, p.120.
Häckermann, J., Rott, A.S. & Dorn, S. 2007. How two different host species influence the performance of a gregarious parasitoid: host size is not equal to host quality. Journal of Animal Ecology, 76: 376–383.
Hassell, M.P. 1978. The Dynamics of Arthropod Predator Prey Systems. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Hurlbutt, B.L. 1987. Sex ratio in a parasitoid wasp Spalangia cameroni (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Ph.D. Thesis, Purdue University, West Lafayette.
Iranipour, S. 2008. Relationship between fecundity, weight and body dimentions in Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Hem., Scutelleridae).18th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 24-27 August 2008, Hamadan, Iran. Vol.1-Pests, P: 454.
Islamoĝlu, M. 2010. Sune (Eurygaster integriceps Put.) (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae)’nin bazi kislama ozelliklerinin belirlenmesi ve yumurta parazitoitleri Trissolcus spp. (Hym.: Scelionidae)’nin kitle uretiminde kislayan ergin sune’nin kullanim olanaklarinin araştirilmasi., Doktora tezi. Cukurova Universitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitusu. Bitki Koruma Anabilim Dali.
Javahery, M. 1978. Economical importance of sunn pests (Eurygaster and Aelia spp.) and their control in Iran. Journal of Applied Entomology and Phytophathology, 27: 27–42 (In Persian with English summary).
Jervis, M.A. & Copland, M.J.W. 1996. The life cycle. pp. 63–161. In: Jervis, M.A. & Kidd, N.A.C. (eds.) Insect Natural Enemies: Practical Approaches to Their Study and Evaluation. London, Chapman and Hall.
King, B.H. 1987. Offspring sex ratios in parasitoid wasps. The Quarterly Review of Biology, 62: 367–396.
King, B.H. 2000. Sex ratio and oviposition responses to host age and the fitness consequences to mother and offspring in the parasitoid wasp Spalangia endius. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 48: 316–320.
Kivan, M. & Kiliç, N. 2002. Host preference: parasitism, emergence and development of Trissolcus semistriatus (Hym., Scelonidae) in various host eggs. Journal of Applied Entomology, 126: 395–399.
Kozlov, M.A. & Kononova, S.V. 1983. Telenominae of the fauna of the USSR (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae, Telenominae). Leningrad Nauka Publisher, 136: 336 pp.
Legner, E.F. 1969. Adult emergence interval and reproduction in parasitic Hymenoptera influenced by host size and denisty. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 62: 220–226.
Mackauer, M., Michaud, J.P. & Völkl, W. 1996. Host choice by aphidiid parasitoids (Hymenoptera; Aphidiidae): host recognition, host quality, and host value. The Canadian Entomologist, 128: 959–980.
Murdoch, W.W. 1969. Switching in general predators: experiments on predator specificity and stability of prey populations. Ecological Monographs, 39: 335–354.
Nakatsuru, K. & Kramer, D.L. 1982. Is sperm cheap? Limited male fertility and female choice in the lemon tetra (Pisces: Characidae). Science, 216: 753–755.
Nealis, V.G., Jones, R.E. & Wellington, W.G. 1984. Temperature and development in host-parasite relationships. Oecologia, 61: 224–229.
Nozad Bonab, Z. & Iranipour, S. 2012. Development of Trissolcus grandis (Thomson) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) on two factitious hosts Graphosoma lineatum (L.) and G. semipunctatum (F.) (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae) at three constant temperatures. Journal of Applied Research in Plant Protection, 1: 51–67.
Radjabi, Gh. 1993. Main factors in widespread and outbreak of sunn pest in recent years. Final report Plant Pests and Diseases Research Institute (In Persian with English summary).
Roitberg, B.D., Boivin, G. & Vet, L. 2001. Fitness, parasitoids, and biological control: an opinion. The Canadian Entomologist,133: 429–438.
Safavi, M. 1973. Etude bio-ecologique des Hymenoptères parasites des oeufs des punaises des cereales en Iran. Final report Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Tehran, Iran, (In Persian).
Sagarra, L.A., Vincent, C. & Stewart, R.K. 2001. Body size as an indicator of parasitoid quality in male and female Anagyrus kamali (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Bulletin of Entomology Research, 91: 363–367.
Samson, P.R. 1984. The biology of Roptrocerus xylophagorum (Hym.: Torymidae), with a note on its taxonomic status. Entomophaga, 29: 287–298.
Silva, R.J., Cividanes, F.J., Pedroso, E.C. & Sala, S.R. 2011. Host quality of different aphid species for rearing Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Neotropical Entomology, 40: 477–482.
Stephens, D.W. & Krebs, J.R. 1986. Foraging Theory. Princeton University Press, Princeton.
van Alphen, J.J.M. & Jervis, M.A. 1996. Foraging behaviour. pp. 1–62. In: Jervis, M. & Kidd, N. (eds.), Insect Natural Enemies, Practical Approaches to Their Study and Evaluation. Chapman and Hall, London.
van Alphen, J.J.M. & Vet, L.E.M. 1986. An evolutionary approach to host finding and selection. pp. 23–61. In: Waage, J.K. & Greathead, D.J. (eds.), Insect Parasitoids. Academic Press, London.
van Alphen, J.J.M. & Visser, M.E. 1990. Superparasitism as an adaptive strategy for insect parasitoids. Annual Review of Entomology, 35: 59–74.
Vinson, S.B. 1998. The general host selection behavior of parasitoid Hymenoptera and a comparison of initial strategies utilized by larvaphagous and oophagous species. Biological Control, 11: 79–96.
Vinson, S.B. & Iwantsch, G.F. 1980. Host suitability for insect parasitoids. Annual Review of Entomology, 25: 397–419.
Visser, M.E. 1994. The importance of being large: the relationship between size and fitness in females of the parasitoid Aphaereta minuta (Hym., Braconidae). Journal of Animal Ecology, 63: 963–978.
Zomorrodi, A. 1961. A progress in biological control of sunnpest. Journal of Applied Entomology and Phytophathology, 20: 16–23 (In Persian with English summary).