Effect of solid food substrates on sporulation and chitinase production of Trichoderma harzianum Tr6 in controlling of Meloidogyne javanica in tomato

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Department of Plant Protection, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

Abstract

Trichoderma spp. can reduce the severity of the disease caused by plant parasitic nematodes by parasitizing the eggs and juveniles and induction of plant resistance responses. The effects of solid nutrient substrates (millet, grain and wheat bran) on the sporulation of Trichoderma harzianum Tr6, chitinase enzyme production and the ability to control of Meloidogyne javanica were studied. Results showed that the substrates had different effect on sporulation of the fungi and also control of the target nematodeand that the best substrate  was wheat bran. Using this substrate, spore production of T. harzianum a rate of about 1.5×1011 per gram of medium. Furthermore, a great control of the second stage juveniles was observed with 87.66% of mortality of the second stage juveniles and reduction of 13.66% eggs hatching by. Chitinase enzyme assay showed that Trichoderma cultured on wheat branexhibited a U / min per ml enzyme enzyme production. In addition, the antagonistic fungi that is cultured on wheat bran showed a major effect on control of nematode in comparison with other solid substrates and the Gall index in this treatment was 0.6.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Al-Fattah, A., Dababat, A. and Sikora, A. 2007. Use of Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma viride for the biological control of Meloidogyne incognita on tomato. Jordan Journal Agricultural Sciences, 3: 297–309.
Alizadeh, H. 2013. Comparative evaluation of induced resistance by Trichoderma, and Pseudomonas fluorescens their combination against Fusarium stem and root rot of cucumber and expression of some defense genes. Ph.D. thesis, University of Tehran, Iran. (In Persian).
Barker, K. R. 1985. Nematode extraction and bioassays, In: Barker KR, Carter CC and JN Sasser (eds), An advance treatise on Meloidogyne, Vol. ii, Methodology. North Carolina State University Graphics, pp. 19–35.
Brants, A., Brrown, C.R., and Earir, E.D. 2000. Trichoderma harzianum endochitinase does not provide resistance to Meloidogyne hapla in tobacco. Journal of Nematology, 32: 289_296.
Cavalcante, R.S., Lima, H.L.S., Pinto, G.A.S., Gava, C.A.T., and Rodrigues, S. 2008. Effect of moisture on Trichoderma conidia production on corn and wheat bran by solid state fermentation. Food Bioprocess Technol., 1: 100–104.
Chacon, M.R., Rodríguez-Galán, O., Benítez, T., Sousa, S., Rey, M., Llobell. A., and Delgado-Jarana1, J . 2007. Microscopic & transcriptome analyses of early colonization of tomato roots by Trichoderma harzianum. International Microbiology, 10: 19–27.
Delkhah, Zh., and Behbudi,. K. 2013. Production and application of Trichoderma harzianum Tr6 in the control of Phytophthora drechsleri and growth enhancement in cucomber. Biological control of pest and plant diseases, 2: 97–104. (In Persian).
El-Katatny, M. H., Somitsch, W., Robra, K.H., El-Katany, M.S and Gubitz, G.M. 2000. production of chitinase and beta-1, 3- glucanase by T. harizianum for control of the phytopathogenic fungus Sclerotinum rolfsii. Food Technology and Biotechnology, 38: 173–180.
Ellaiah, P., Adinarayana, K., Bhavani, Y., Padmaja , P., and Srinivasulu, B . 2002. Optimization of process parameters for glucoamylase production under solid state fermentation by a newly isolated Aspergillus species. Process Biochem., 38:  615–620.
Hussey, R.S., Barker, K. R. 1973. A comparison of method of collecting inoculation for Meloidogyne spp. including a new technique. Plant Disease, 57: 1025–1028.
Hussey, R.S., Janssen, G.J.W. 2002.  Root-Knot Nematodes: Meloidogyne species, In: Starr,J.L, Cook,R and Bridge,J (eds), Plant resistance to parasitic nematodes. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, UK, pp. 43–70.
Khan, T.A & Saxena, S.K. 1997. Effect of root dip treatment with fungal filtrates on root penetration, development and reproduction of Meloidogyne javanica on tomato. International Journal of Nematology, 7: 85–88.
Khattak, B., Stephen, S.M. 2008. Effect of some endegenous isolates of Trichoderma harzianum on root knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) Chitwood .Sarhad J. Agric, Crop Protection, 26: 1006–1012.
Kloepper, J., Tuzun, S., Kuc, J. 1992. Proposed definitions related to induced disease resistance. Journal of Biocontrol Science and Technology, 2 (4): 349–351.
Lopez-IlorcaL,V., Macia-Vicente, J.G., Jansson, H. B. 2008. Mode of action and interaction of nematophagous fungi. In: Ciancio A. and Mukerji K. G (eds) Integrated Management and Biocontrol of Vegetable and Grain Crops Nematodes, pp.  51–76.
Maleki Ziarati, H., Roustaee, A., Sahebani, N., Etebarian, H.R and Aminian, H. 2009. Study of biological control of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica (Trube) chitwood, in tomato by Trichoderma harzianum Rifai in greenhouse and quantitative changes of phenolic compounds in plant. Seed and Plant Production Journal, 25: 259–272. (In Persian).
Sargin, S., Gezgin, Y., Eltem, R., and Vardar, F. 2013. Micropropagule production from Trichoderma harzianum EGE-K38 using solid-state fermentation and a comparative study for drying methods. Turkish Journal of Biology, 37: 139–146.
Ramanujam, B., Prasad, R. D., Sriram, S., Rangeswaran, R. 2010. Mass production, formulation, quality control and delivery of Trichoderma for plant disease management. Journal of Plant Protection Sciences, 2 (2): 1–8.
Ruanpanun, P., Tangchitsomkid, N., Hyde, K.D and Lumyong, S. 2011. Actinomycetes and fungi isolated from plant-parasitic nematode infested soils: screening of the effective biocontrol potential, indole-3- acetic acid and siderophore production. World Journal of Microbiology Biotechnology, 27: 1373–1380.
Soares, A.C.F., Sousa, C.S., Garrido, M. S., and Perez, J. O. 2007. Production of Streptomyces inoculim in strelized rice. Sci. Agric, 64: 641–644.1
Van Loon, L.C., and Vanstrien, E. A. 1998. The families of pathogenesis related proteins, their activities and comparative analysis of PR-1 type proteins. Journal of Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 55: 85–97.
Verma, M., Satinder, K.B., Tyagi, R.D., Surampalli, R.Y., and Valeró, J.R. 2007. Starch industry wastewater as substrate for antagonist, Trichoderma viride production. Bioresource Technology, 98: 2154–2162
Zhang, S.W., Gan, Y.T., Xu, B.L., Xue, Y.Y. 2015. The parasitic and lethal effects of Trichoderma longibrachiatum against Heterodera avenae. Biological Control, 72: 1–8.
Zhang, S.W., Gan, Y.T., Xu, B.L. 2014. Efficacy of Trichoderma longibrachiatum in the control of Heterodera avenae. BioControl, 59: 319–33.
BioControl in Plant Protection
Volume 6, Issue 1 - Serial Number 11
September 2018
Pages 19-28

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics