Evaluation of the effect of some plant extracts in controlling Rhizoctonia rot in the greenhouse cucumber

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Plant Portection, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University of Varamin–Pishva, Tehran, Iran.

2 Department of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Ardakan, Ardakan, Yazd, Iran

10.22092/bcpp.2022.128595

Abstract

The use of chemical fungicides, in addition to environmental pollution, causes the increase and spread of fungicide-resistant strains in plant fungal pathogen. Minimizing the harmful effects of fungal pathogen in agricultural plants requires a promising method in their control. Therefore, natural remedies, including essential oils and plant extracts, are a suitable option for controlling and reducing fungal diseases. In this research, the controlling effect of the plant extracts of thyme, lavender, fennel, cinnamon, cloves and bitter gourd and different levels of zinc sulfate as one of the food compounds on the growth rate of the fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani and the changes in the activity of the defense enzymes peroxidase and catalase as well as the changes in the amount The gene expression of these two enzymes was investigated in laboratory (in vitro) and greenhouse conditions (in vivo) in cucumber plants in interaction with pathogen. The results showed that all plant extracts and zinc sulfate were able to inhibit the growth of the pathogen in laboratory conditions and were also able to reduce the severity of the disease in greenhouse conditions. The results of the paper disc test showed that the highest growth inhibition rate among the plant extract treatments (ethanolic extract) was related to lavender extract with 600 micrograms per milliliter and 32.90 mm in diameter, and the lowest growth inhibition rate was related to bitter extract with a concentration of 150 μg/ml and a diameter of 10.17 mm (compared to the control with a diameter of 3.45 mm). In the test of mixing plant extracts with culture medium, the ethanolic extract of lavender plant with concentrations of 2000 and 2500 ppm and with 82.21 and 80.75 percent and the extract of Danai thyme with a concentration of 2500 ppm and 18. 72% inhibition of the pathogenic fungus compared to the control, respectively, were the most effective extracts in preventing the growth of the fungal pathogen. The combined treatment of fungal pathogen, zinc sulfate and lavender extract was the best treatment in increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and increasing their expression. According to the results of this research, it can be concluded that the plant extracts studied in this research, especially the lavender plant, as well as zinc sulfate had a significant effect in controlling and reducing the severity of the disease caused by R. solani in cucumber, and the best concentration obtained in this research can be formulated commercially and used for integrated management purposes.

Keywords

References

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