Efficiency of two microbial control agents, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki and Beauveria bassiana to control tomato fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Plant Protection Research Department, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Gorgan, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.

3 1. Assistant Professor, Plant Protection Research Department, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Gorgan, Iran

4 M.Sc, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.

5 5. Expert, Plant Protection Research Department, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Gorgan, Iran.

10.22092/bcpp.2024.365563.363

Abstract

Heliothis (or tomato fruit borer) with the scientific name Helicoverpa armigera (Lep.: Noctuidae) is one of the most important and the oldest pest of crops in the country, especially in Golestan Province, which causes huge management costs for farmers, and also due to the use of various types of chemical pesticides every year it causes environmental damage for the agricultural ecosystem of the country. In order to prevent unnecessary spraying and due to the resistance of this pest to many pesticides, it is necessary to consider the effectiveness of other control methods, including the use of insect pathogenic fungi and biological pesticides containing Bacillus thuringiensis. In this research, the effectiveness of three different formulations of the insect pathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana and a biological insecticide based on the active ingredient B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Biolep P) and an organic insecticide based on plants (Rui Agro) were studied in laboratory conditions and also in two tomato field of Golestan Province. The perforation rate of tomato fruits was also investigated. The laboratory bioassay results of different formulations of B. bassiana with a concentration of 1×107 conidia/ml on 3rd instar larvae showed that all three different formulations of the pathogenic fungus caused between 84 and 91% mortality. The laboratory bioassay of different concentrations of Biolep P on the 3rd instar larvae of the H. armigera after eight days showed that when the concentration of Biolep P increased, the mortality rate also increased significantly. The highest mortality rate was observed with 93.33% in the concentration of 1.5 ml/L and the lowest mortality rate was observed with 48.89% in the concentration of 0.5 ml/L. The results in the tomato fields of Qaleh Mahmud village showed that the efficiency of the applied treatments increases with time. The highest percentage of efficiency in all experimental treatments on the 7th and 10th days after foliar spraying was between 50 and 60 percent. In the tomato field of Chalaki Agricultural Research Station, the efficiency (%) of fungal formulations was reduced on the 10th day of foliar application. In relation to the percentage of fruit perforation in both fields studied, the control treatment and the fungal treatment containing distilled water were placed in the same experimental group and showed the highest percentage of fruit perforation. In general, it can be concluded that repeated foliar spraying of biological control agents is necessary for better pest control or the combination of these methods with low–risk or organic pesticides should be considered.
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References

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BioControl in Plant Protection
Volume 11, Issue 1
August 2023
Pages 49-61

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