Effect of some Antibacterial Peptides Against pseudomonas tolaasii the causal agent of brown blotch in White button mushroom

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food Industries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

2 School of Pharmacy, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.

3 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food Industries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

4 Professor, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.

10.22092/bcpp.2024.365978.368

Abstract

One of the most important factors limiting the production of edible mushrooms is the brown spot disease caused by the bacteria Pseudomonas tolaasii, which has a direct effect on reducing the quality and commercial effect of product. Due to the lack of an effective solution to control of this disease and the impossibility of using chemical poisons and antibiotics because of their unvialling effect on product health and bacterial resistant, new research is being done to identify antibacterial compounds of natural origin. With this approach, in this research, the antibacterial effects of ten peptides obtained from insects like Cecropia moth, Mediterranean fruit fly, Stable fly, Termites, Western honey bee, Red bull ant, Common fruit fly, Common green bottle fly were investigated against this disease. The values of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 50% and the minimum lethal concentration (MBC) of the desired peptides against pathogenic bacteria were obtained by ELISA method. The MBC values of peptides were also determined by re–treating the contents of the microplates.  Also, to determine of disease severity, the caps of mushrooms were covered by peptides(1Mm) befor inoculating with pathgenic bacteria (108 cfu/ml). Then, the severity of disease symptoms was evaluated with six standard scale levels ( B0–B1–B2–B3–B4–B5), where B0 indicates no infection and B5 showing brown and sunken symptoms (B5).  MIC values of Cecropin A (Cecropia moth), Scal–stomoxyn (Stable fly), Lser–Cecropin1(Common green bottle fly) peptides in different concentrations were effective on the growth of P. tolaasii. The lowest amount of MBC was observed in Cecropin A peptide equal to 6.25 µM. Also, the results showed that Cecropin A peptide completely protected the mushroom cap at B0 level, and then Scal–stomoxyn peptide was placed at B1 index level with no occurrence or formation of pale–yellow spots. Peptides Spinigerin, Ceratotoxin (Mediterranean fruit fly), Formaecin–1(Red bull ant), Metchnikowin–1(Common fruit fly), Apidaecin Ia (Western honey bee) and Metchnikowin–2 (Common fruit fly) was also placed in B4 level infection by causing brown spots and decay. Brown rot symptoms with sunken spots on the mushroom cap were observed only in the positive control sample, which had the most severe quality level of symptoms (B5). The antimicrobial peptide Cecropin A completely inhibited P. tolaasii and the use of Scal–stomoxyn on the mushroom cap partially prevented the progress of the disease
All experiments were performed in 3 replicates and the accuracy of MIC and MBC values was evaluated by comparing the means through analysis of variance. According to the results of this study, the capacity of insect antimicrobial peptides, especially Cecropins, can be used to control the brown spot of edible button mushrooms.
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References

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BioControl in Plant Protection
Volume 11, Issue 1
August 2023
Pages 109-123

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