The use of Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis in biological control of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in tobacco

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Researcher, Biotechnology research department, Tirtash Tobacco Research and Education center, Behshahr, Mazandaran, Iran.

2 Researcher, Plant Protection research department, Tirtash Tobacco Research and Education center, Behshahr, Mazandaran, Iran.

10.22092/bcpp.2024.367259.375

Abstract

Tobacco is one of the important agricultural and industrial plants that plays an important role in the economy and income of producing countries. Root–knot nematodes are one of the most important plant parasitic nematodes with a wide host range. Considering the dangers of chemical poisons, it seems necessary to use alternative methods, including biological control, in the fight against this disease. In this research, the effect of two antagonists, Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis, individually and also combined effect, against the root– knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) on tobacco plants was investigated in a completely randomized design with 14 treatments and 4 replications in greenhouse conditions. Tobacco seedlings, K326 variety at the 4–5 leaf stage, were treated with a concentration of 106 Spore/mL of T. harzianum and 108 CFU/mL of B. subtilis, at two times and with two different methods. About two months after inoculation with 2000 eggs and larvae of the second instar nematode, nematode virulence factors such as gall index, number of egg mass, average egg per mass, reproductive factor (RF), nematode population in soil and root and percentage of nematode control were investigated and recorded. According to the results of analysis of variance, all the indicators related to nematodes showed a significant difference at the level of one percent (P≤ 0.01).  In all studied traits, after the treatment of control (Volume Prime® chemical nematicide), the combined effect of T. harzianum + B. subtilis against the nematode, at the same time as inoculation (at a concentration of 10 per thousand) and 10 days after Inoculation (with a concentration of 50 mL) was recognized as the most effective treatment. The statistical analysis of the data obtained from this research showed that the antagonist treatment times have significant differences with each other (P≤ 0.01). In general, the effect of combined application of antagonists during two stages (simultaneous with transplanting + 10 days after transplanting) was greater than their individual application during one stage. The approach based on the use of antagonists in biological control seems promising, because it helps to reduce the amount of chemical substances used and stabilize ecological changes.
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Keywords

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References

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BioControl in Plant Protection
Volume 11, Issue 2
January 2025
Pages 1-13

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