Effect of Pseudomonas flourescens, Stenotrophomonas sp. and chloro carboxylic acid on the root–knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Msc.in Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.

10.22092/bcpp.2025.368209.383

Abstract

Tomato is one of the most important plants in the world. Knot–root nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are one of the main pathogens of tomato plants, which cause a decrease of about five percent in crops worldwide and damage of 24–38 percent on tomato plants. Considering the high cost of chemical methods and the damage they have on the environment and human health, it is necessary to have an alternative solution, including the use of growth–promoting bacteria (PGPR) to manage these nematodes. After examining the morphology and morphometry, the nematode isolated from infected fields was identified as M. javanica.  In the current study, after isolation of knot– root nematode from infected fields, identification and purification and propagation of nematode, the effect of two bacteria, Pseudomonas flourescens, Stenotrophomonas sp. strain LU1 in laboratory conditions, also as P. fluorescens bacteria and chloro carboxylic acid along with nematicides on tomato plants and this nematode in greenhouse conditions were investigated. After tomato greenhouse cultivation and inoculation, in the form of a completely random design in 4 replications, Data were analyzed by SAS software. Investigations carried out in the laboratory showed that, in the egg hatching test in laboratory conditions 8 days after inoculation, P. fluorescens bacteria with 50% and Stenotrophomonas sp. strain LU1 bacteria with 23% were effective in controlling the number of hatched eggs. In the test of the number of live larvae in laboratory conditions 3 days after inoculation, P. fluorescens bacteria was able to kill 31% and Stenotrophomonas sp. strain LU1 with 0.8% mortality in larvae. In greenhouse conditions, in the test of growth indicators of tomato plants, including plant height and root length, plant and root fresh weight, plant and root dry weight, treatments containing P. fluorescens bacteria with and without nematodes, in the plant height index respectively 14% and 30% in the root length index 18% and 31% in the plant fresh weight index 36% and 50% in the plant dry weight index, 23% and 40% they showed a positive effect compared to control with nematodes. In the greenhouse, in the pathogenicity indicators related to the number of larvae in 100 cc of soil, the number of galls in one gram of root, the number of eggs in one gram of root, the treatment containing P. fluorescens bacteria was 76%, 33%, and 91%, respectively, and the treatment containing chloro carboxylic acid. 98%, 98%, and 99% showed control compared to the control, respectively, and in this treatment, the control rate of the nematicide used was more evaluated. The results of the present study showed the positive effect of P. fluorescens bacteria on the nematode M. javanica in laboratory and greenhouse conditions, as well as chloro carboxylic acid in greenhouse conditions, which was consistent with the conducted research. It should be noted that Stenotrophomonas sp. strain LU1 showed a positive but little effect in laboratory conditions.

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References

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BioControl in Plant Protection
Volume 11, Issue 2
January 2025
Pages 67-80

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