Biological control of tomato root-knot nematode (M. incognita) using antagonist bacteria

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Plant Pathology, Department, Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch, Gilan, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor Plant Pathology, Department, Islamic Azad University, Arak branch, Markazi, Iran.

10.22092/bcpp.2025.368424.386

Abstract

Root–knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., are one of the most economically important plant pathogenic nematodes that cause severe yield and quality reduction in agricultural products. The use of biological control agents is a safe and environmentally effective approach to control root–knot nematodes. Today, biological control of root–knot nematodes is considered a priority with the aim of reducing the dangerous effects of chemical toxins, including threats to human health and environmental pollution. One of the effective agents in biological control is bacteria. In this study, four species and four isolates of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus megaterium and Pseudomonas flurescens were used to control tomato root–knot nematodes under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. In laboratory conditions, the factors affecting bacteria on nematode mortality, protease enzyme production, temperature conditions, pH, time required for proper protease enzyme production, identification of the type of protease enzyme, the effect of this enzyme on nematode, and in greenhouse conditions, nematode infection indices including the number of galls, egg mass, larval and egg population per gram of root, the number of second–instar larvae per gram of soil, and the reproduction factor and the factors of height, dry and fresh weight of shoots, root length, fresh root weight, dry root weight, and mass volume were evaluated. A greenhouse study was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. Two bacteria B. subtilis and P. fluorescens had the greatest effect on larval mortality with 78.93 and 88.12 percent, respectively. In terms of protease enzyme production, two bacteria B. subtilis and P. fluorescens created the largest halo with 11.5 and 13 mm, respectively. In the B. subtilis strain, three different characteristics for protease production were investigated. The mentioned strain produced the highest amount of enzyme at pH 8, temperature 32°C and 12 hours after inoculation on the mentioned culture medium. The P. fluorescens strain showed the highest amount of enzyme production under optimal conditions of pH 7.2, temperature 26°C and 72 hours after inoculation of the culture medium. The protease enzyme produced by these two bacteria B. subtilis and P. fluorescens caused the death of the second–instar nematode larvae by 86.88% and 100% respectively in a certain time interval. EDTA prevented the activity of the protease enzyme. These two bacteria had a positive effect on agronomic factors in all greenhouse factors compared to the infected control and reduced the pathogenic factors of the nematode. The results of this study showed that the use of these two bacteria can be considered in nematode control.
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Main Subjects

References

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BioControl in Plant Protection
Volume 12, Issue 1
August 2024
Pages 51-65

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