Antagonistic activity of bacterial isolates belonging to Bacillus against boxwood blight disease under greenhouse conditions

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Assistant Professor, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.

10.22092/bcpp.2023.361440.329

Abstract

The outbreak of boxwood blight disease caused by Calonectria pseudonaviculata in the Hyrcanian forests has led to efforts to find effective methods to control the disease. Biological control of the disease by beneficial microorganisms is one of these measures. In this regard, the present study was carried out in a completely randomized design with four replications at both laboratory and greenhouse levels. First, the antagonistic activity of 15 Bacillus isolates against the fungal pathogen was investigated using the dual–culture test, and the superior isolates (FRBP2, FRBS9, FRBS10, and FRBS15) were identified using standard biochemical tests at the species level. Tebuconazole and Serenade® were used as chemical and biological controls, respectively, according to their relevant instructions. The effect of the superior isolates’ suspension (108 CFU/ml) on the severity percentage of boxwood blight disease was evaluated under greenhouse conditions. Among the isolates, the highest (76.4%) and the lowest (26.5%) inhibition of the fungal colony growth was related to B. subtilis FRBS9 and B. pumilus FRBP2, respectively. In greenhouse conditions, B. subtilis FRBS9 and B. subtilis FRBS10 caused the lowest disease severity and showed no statistically significant difference with Serenade® (P<0.05). Thus, isolates belonging to the same or different species of Bacillus showed different levels of antagonistic activity against the target fungal pathogen. These isolates were able to control the fungal agent of boxwood blight through antibiosis and the production of a range of antibiotics. But more studies are needed to find their other antagonistic mechanisms and prepare their appropriate formulations.
.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Alfenas, R.F., Pereira, O.L., Freitas, R.G., Freitas, C.S., Dita, M.A.D. & Alfenas, A.C. 2013. Mass spore production and inoculation of Calonectria pteridis on Eucalyptus spp. under different environmental conditions. Tropical Plant Pathology, 38(5): 406–413.
Cook, R.J. 2000. Advances in plant health management in the 20th century. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 38: 95–116.
Crous, P.W., Groenewald ald, J.Z. & Hill, C.F. 2002. Cylindrocladium pseudonaviculatum sp. nov. from New Zealand, and new Cylindrocladium records from Vietnam. Sydowia, 54(1): 23–34.
De Vos, P., Garrity, G.M., Jones, D., Krieg, N.R., Ludwig, W., Rainey, F.A., Schleifer, K.H. & Whitman, W.B. 2009. Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Volume Three, The Firmicutes. Dordrecht; New York: Springer, 1422.
Dhingra, O.D. & Sinclair, J.B. 1995. Basic Plant Pathology Methods. 2nd Edition, Lewis Publishers, Bacarton, P. 434.
Fakhredin, F. & Mirabolfathy, M. 2014. Comparative effects of some fungicides to control boxwood blight. Proceeding of 21st Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Iran. p. 23.
Gehesquiere, B., D’Haeyer, S., Pham, K.T.K., Van Kuik, A.J., Maes, M., Hofte, M. & Heungens, K. 2013. qPCR assays for the detection of Cylindrocladium buxicola in the plant, water, and air samples. Plant Disease, 97: 1082–1090.
Hagedorn, C., Gould, W.D. & Bradinelli, R.T. 1989. Rhizobacteria of cotton and their repression of seedling disease pathogens. Applied Environmental Microbiology, 55(11): 2793–2797.
Hasanzadeh, N. 2005. Identification and classification of phytopathogenic bacteria. Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran, 520 p. (In Persian with English summary)
Hebert, J.B., Crouch, J.A., Cornelius, L., Ndukwe, P., Ismaiel, E. & Beirn, L.A. 2014. The fungal rhizosphere of boxwoods: implications for control of the blight fungus Calonectria pseudonaviculata. 2014 APS–CPS Joint Meeting August 9–13 Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Henricot, B. & Culham, A. 2002. Cylindrocladium buxicola, a new species affecting Buxus spp, and its phylogenetic status. Mycologia, 94(6): 980–997.
Henricot, B., Gorton, C., Denton, G. & Denton, J. 2008. Studies on the control of Cylindrocladium buxicola using fungicides and host resistance. Plant Disease, 92: 1273–1279.
Jalili, A. & Jamzad, Z. 1999. Red data book of Iran: A preliminary survey of endemic, rare and endangered plant species in Iran. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran, 748p.
Kajimura, Y.M. 1995. Sugiyama and M. Kaneda. "Bacillopeptins, new cyclic lipopeptide antibiotics from Bacillus subtilis FR–2. The Journal of Antibiotics, 48(10): 1095–1103.
Khazaeli, P., Rezaee, S., Mirabolfathy, M., Zamanizadeh, H., & Kiadaliri, H. 2015. Distribution, specific detection, and the pathogenesis variation of Calonectria pseudonaviculata isolates, the causal agent of boxwood blight disease, in the Hyrcanian forest of Iran. Entomology and Phytopathology, 84(1): 141–156. (In Persian with English summary), https://doi.org/10.22092/JAEP.2016.106536.
Kong, P. & Hong, C.X. 2017. Biocontrol of boxwood blight by Trichoderma koningiopsis Mb2. Crop Protection, 98: 124–127.
LaMondia, J.A. 2014. Fungicide efficacy against Calonectria pseudonaviculata, the causal agent of boxwood blight. Plant Disease, 98: 99–102.
LaMondia, J.A. 2015. Management of Calonectria pseudonaviculata in boxwood with fungicides and less susceptible host species and varieties. Plant Disease, 99(3): 363–369.
Loeffler, W., Tschen, J.S.M., Vanittanakom, N., Kugler, M., Knorpp, E., Hsieh, T.F. & Wu, T.G. 1986. Antifungal effects of bacilysin and fengymycin from Bacillus subtilis F‐29‐3. A comparison with activities of other Bacillus antibiotics. Journal of Phytopathology, 115(3): 204–213.
McSpadden Gardener, B.B. & Fravel, D.R. 2002. Biological control of plant pathogens: research, commercialization, and application in the USA. Plant Health Progress. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PHP–2002–0510–01–RV.
Mirabolfathy, M., Ahangaran, Y., Lombard, L. & Crous, P.W. 2013. Leaf blight of Buxus sempervirens in northern forests of Iran caused by Calonectria pseudonaviculata. Plant Disease, 97: 1121.
Mozafarian, V. 2015. Identification of medicinal and aromatic plants of Iran. Farhang Moaser, 1444Pp. (In Persian)
Samavat, S. 2020. Evaluation of the antagonistic activity of some bacterial isolates belonging to Pseudomonas fluorescens against boxwood blight disease. 7th National Conference on Applied Research in Healthy Food Sciences from Farm to Table. Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. January, 15: 1–10. (In Persian with English summary)
Samavat, S., Samavat, S. & Matinizadeh, M. 2019. Assessment of mineral phosphate solubilization potential of rhizobacteria associated with poplar habitats in Tehran and Alborz provinces in order to produce phosphate biofertilizers. Final report of the project approved by the Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran. 66 pages. (In Persian with English summary)
Schaad, N.W., Jones, J.G. & Chen, W. 2001. Laboratory guide for identification of plant pathogenic bacteria. 3rd Edition, APS Press, St. Paul.
Schreiber, L.R. Gregory, G.F., Krause, C.R. & Ichida, J.M. 1988. Production, partial purification, and antimicrobial activity of a novel antibiotic produced by a Bacillus subtilis isolate from Ulmus americana. Canadian Journal of Botany, 66(11): 2338–2346.
Shishkoff, N. 2016. Survival of microsclerotia of Calonectria pseudonaviculata and C. henricotiae exposed to sanitizers. Plant Health Research, 17(1): 13–17.
Singh, N., Pandey, P., Dubey, R.C. & Maheshwari, D.K. 2008. Biological control of root rot fungus Macrophomina phaseolina and growth enhancement of Pinus roxburghii (Sarg.) by rhizosphere competent Bacillus subtilis BN1. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 24(9): 1669–1679.
Taghinasab, M., Ruhani, H. & Karimi, 2007. Evaluation of the antagonistic activity of Bacillus subtilis isolates on Pythium ultimum, the causal agent of cucumber damping–off. Journal of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, 14 (1): 83–93. (In Persian with English summary)
Yang, X. & Hong, C. 2018. Biological control of boxwood blight by Pseudomonas protegens recovered from recycling irrigation systems. Biological Control. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2018.01.014

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics