ترجیح میزبانی و سوئیچینگ زنبورTrissolcus vassilievi بین دو جمعیت میزبان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم جانوری، دانشکدۀ علوم طبیعی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

2 گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

3 بخش تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات وآموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان تهران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ورامین، ایران

چکیده

انتخاب میزبان به‌وسیلۀ پارازیتوییدها اثرات حیاتی روی شایستگی آن‌ها دارد. زنبور پارازیتوییدTrissolcus vassilievi (Mayr) (Hym., Platygastridae)، یکی از گونه­های با پتانسیل زیستی بالا در کنترل سن گندم می­باشد. بررسی­ها نشان داده است که تفاوت­های جزئی بین جمعیت­های مختلف میزبان­ می­تواند موجب برتری نسبی پارازیتوییدهایی شود که در میزبان­های بزرگ‌تر نشوونما می­نمایند. در این تحقیق، ترجیح میزبانی و رفتار سوئیچینگ دو جمعیت زنبور T. vassilievi به دو جمعیت میزبان در نسبت­های 5:1، 4:2، 3:3، 2:4 و 1:5 دسته تخم بررسی شد. جمعیت­های تبریز و ورامین هم برای میزبان و هم برای زنبور به‌کار رفتند. اندازه‌گیری قطر و وزن تخم سن گندم نشان داد که وزن تخم به­طور معنی­داری در جمعیت تبریز کمتر از جمعیت ورامین بود.هم‌چنین زنبورهای ورامین بزرگ­تر از زنبورهای تبریز و زنبورهای حاصل از تلاقی آن­ها، نزدیک به جمعیت­ مادری بودند. تجزیه­ داده­های ترجیح میزبانی و بررسی سوئیچینگ نشان داد که با توجه به مقادیر c1  (شاخص ترجیح سن گندم تبریز) و c2  (شاخص ترجیح سن گندم ورامین)، جمعیت ورامین زنبور T. vassilievi ترجیح منفی به تخم سن تبریز و ترجیح مثبت به تخم سن ورامین دارد، اما آزمون t مشخص کرد که این ترجیح معنی­دار نیست. تجزیۀ رگرسیون خطی نیز نشان داد که تغییرات c با نسبت دو میزبان در هر دو مورد معنی­دار است که مؤید وجود سوئیچینگ می­باشد. در مجموع می­توان گفت که زنبور تفاوتی بین تخم­های دو جمعیت قائل نشده و تفاوت­های بین جمعیتی میزبان درحدی نیست که ترجیح میزبانی پارازیتویید را تحت تأثیر قرار دهد.

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