مروری برکاربرد و کارآیی کنه شکارگر Phytoseiulus persimilis A.H. در ایران

نوع مقاله : علمی-مروری

نویسنده

مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

از زمان معرفی کنه شکارگر Phytoseiulus persimilis در سال 1367 برای کنترل بیولوژیک کنه­های تارتن در ایران بیش از سه دهه می­گذرد. اولین رهاسازی این شکارگر علیه کنه تارتن ترکستانی روی بوته­های پنبه و سویا در استان گلستان، روی ماش و بادمجان در منطقه منوجان جیرفت با کنترل کنه آفت همراه شد. عملکرد این شکارگر علیه کنه تارتن دو نقطه‌ای مزارع لوبیا به علت رطوبت کم و دمای زیاد در استان­های مرکزی و چهارمحال بختیاری موفق نبود. بکارگیری نسبت رهاسازی 1 شکارگر به 10 کنه طعمه در شرایط میانگین دمای کمتر از 25 درجه سلسیوس از اسفند تا اوائل اردیبهشت باعث کنترل کنه تارتن خیارگلخانه‌ای در ورامین شد. رهاسازی همزمان این شکارگر با کنه شکارگر Neoseiulus californicus در شروع آلودگی کنه‌های تارتن در بوته‌های خیار گلخانه‌ای و با تأمین رطوبت نسبی بیش از 50 درصد طی ماه‌های گرم بهار وتابستان کنترل مطلوب کنه آفت در دوره برداشت خیار ایجاد شد. رهاسازی شکارگر برای کنترل کنه تارتن دونقطه‌ای توت‌فرنگی گلخانه‌ای به علت پرزهای زیاد برگ شرایط را برای دست‌یابی شکارگر به کنه طعمه درمنطقه هشتگرد فراهم نساخت. رهاسازی شکارگر در شروع آلودگی کنه­های تارتن روی رز و میخک گلخانه‌ای در اصفهان و محلات کاملاً مؤثر بود. مطالعه برخی کنه­کش­های آلی وگیاهی کم‌خطر برای فعالیت شکارگر و مناسب برای مبارزه تلفیقی نیز انجام شده است. پرورش انبوه این شکارگر روی بوته­های لوبیا آلوده به کنه تارتن موفقیت‌آمیز بوده و هزینه تولید در مقایسه با واردات شکارگر حدود 20 درصد کاهش می‌یابد. ضمن این که شرایط تولید خیار گلخانه‌ای عاری ازکنه­کش را نیز فراهم می‌نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها


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