بررسی پتانسیل جدایه‌های بومی قارچ‌های بیمارگر حشرات به‌عنوان عامل کنترل بیولوژیک سفیدبالک گلخانه Trialeurodes vaporariorum

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

مؤسسه تحقیقات گیا‌ه‌پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

اولین اقدام برای تولید انبوه و تجاری­سازی جدایه­های بومی قارچ­های بیمارگر حشرات، جمع­آوری و بررسی میزان تأثیر این جدایه­ها روی حشره آفت می­باشد. هدف از انجام این پژوهش، بررسی بیمارگری36 جدایه­ی قارچی تهیه شده از مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاه­پزشکی کشور روی آفت Trialeurodes vaporariorumبود. به­دلیل کثرت جدایه­ها، در ابتدا پتانسیل بیمارگری این جدایه­ها روی لارو سن چهارم Galleria mellonellaبه­عنوان حشره شاخص بررسی شد. جدایه­ای از جنس Beauveria bassiana(کد A1–1) با میانگین تلفات 75 درصد بالاترین و پس از آن جدایه­های IRAN1787C، IRAN1751C، IRAN1395C، IRAN428C و IRAN441C به ترتیب با 50/57، 55، 50/52، 50 و 45 درصد مرگ­و­میر، تلفات نسبتا خوبی داشتند. این شش جدایه برای انجام ارزیابی میزان رشد رویشی، اسپورزایی و زیست­سنجی روی پوره­های سفیدبالک گلخانه انتخاب شدند.در آزمایش زیست­سنجی، جدایه­ها در پنج غلظت 104، 105، 106 ،107 و 108 کنیدی بر میلی­لیتر روی پوره­های سن سوم سفیدبالک گلخانه ارزیابی و میزان LC50 و LT50این جدایه­ها محاسبه گردید. بیشترین رشد رویشی به ترتیب در جدایه­های IRAN428C، IRAN1395C، A1–1، IRAN1787C، IRAN441C و IRAN1751C و بالاترین میزان اسپورزایی به ترتیب در جدایه­های IRAN1787C، A1–1، IRAN428C، IRAN1395C، IRAN441C و IRAN1751C مشاهده شد. نتایج نشان داد که جدایه A1–1 کمترین میزان LC50و LT50را در همه­ی غلظت­های بررسی شده داراست. میزان رشد رویشی و اسپورزایی این جدایه، به ترتیب رتبة سوم و دوم را در بین سایر جدایه­ها نشان داد. با توجه به نتایج، جدایه A1–1 به­عنوان مؤثرترین جدایه برای کنترل سفیدبالک گلخانه معرفی می­گردد.

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