جداسازی باکتری‌های اندوفیت توت‌فرنگی و بررسی تأثیرات ضد قارچی آن‌ها بر Colletotrichum nymphaeae عامل بیماری آنتراکنوز توت‌فرنگی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان

2 گروه علوم زیستی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه کردستان

3 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان

چکیده

در این مطالعه سویه­های باکتریایی اندوفیت از بخش­های استولون و دمبرگ گیاهچه­های سالم توت­فرنگی(Fragaria × ananassa) جداسازی شده و تاثیر آنتاگونیستی این سویه­ها علیه قارچ عامل آنتراکنوز توت­فرنگی Colletotrichum nymphaeaeدر شرایط آزمایشگاه، درون شیشه و گلخانه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. سه سویه جداسازی‌شده با استفاده از ویژگی­های بیوشیمیایی و آنالیز مولکولی ژن 16S rDNA در جنسBacillus  قرار گرفتند. سویه­های باکتریایی باعث کاهش معنی­دار رشد قارچ عامل بیمارگر در آزمون کشت متقابل شدند به‌طوری‌که درصد بازدارندگی از رشد پرگنه قارچ بیمارگر در سویه‌های MarD40، MarD35 و MarG2 به‌ترتیب به‌میزان 50، 92/54 و 87/47 درصد ارزیابی شد. ترکیبات فرّار تولید شده توسط سویه‌ها نیز باعث کاهش رشد پرگنه قارچ بیمارگر شد ولی این بازدارندگی بسیار کمتر از تاثیر آن­ها در آزمون کشت متقابل بود و بیشترین درصد بازدارندگی در سویه MarD35 (7/24 درصد) مشاهده گردید. همچنین در نتیجه تاثیر ترکیبات خارج سلولی سویه­های باکتریایی بر رشد پرگنه و جوانه­زنی قارچ بیمارگر بیشترین درصد بازدارندگی از رشد پرگنه توسط سویه MarG2 (96/34 درصد) و بیشترین ممانعت از جوانه­زنی اسپور بیمارگر توسط سویه MarD35 (07/52 درصد) مشاهده گردید. ارزیابی تاثیر سویه­های باکتریایی اندوفیت بر شدت بیماری آنتراکنوز میوه در شرایط درون شیشه نشان داد که هر سه سویه قادر به کاهش شدت بیماری آنتراکنوز توت فرنگی هستند و بیشترین تاثیر توسط دو سویه MarD40 با درصد بازدارندگی 63/85 و MarD35 با درصد بازدارندگی 72/81 مشاهده گردید. همچنین سویه­های باکتریایی به‌میزان قابل توجهی باعث کاهش شدت بیماری آنتراکنوز بر روی گیاهچه­های توت‌فرنگی در شرایط گلخانه در مقایسه با شاهد شدند که در روش محلولپاشی بیشترین تاثیر در سویه MarD40 (44/94 درصد) و در روش خیساندن خاک در سویه MarD35 (77/77 درصد) ارزیابی شد. یافته­های این مطالعه نشان داد که سویه­های مورد بررسی قادر به جلوگیری از رشد و گسترش قارچ بیمارگر در شرایط آزمایشگاه، درون شیشه و گلخانه می‌باشند.

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