ارزیابی کارآیی برخی جدایه‌های باکتریایی در مهار زیستی بیماری بلاست برنج

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران

2 گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، مؤسسه آموزش عالی دیلمان، لاهیجان، ایران

چکیده

بیماری بلاست برنج که توسط Pyricularia oryzae  ایجاد می­شود یکی از مهم­ترین بیماری­های برنج در جهان است. در این تحقیق، از مجموع 150 نمونه آلوده جمع­آوری شده از مزارع برنج استان گیلان، ۲۰ جدایه قارچی و ۳۰ جدایه باکتریایی جداسازی شد. براساس نتایج این تحقیق، باکتری­های جداشده  Pseudomonas aeruginosa،Enterobacter sp. ،Enterobacter cloacae وBacillus subtilis  بودند. در آزمایشگاه از دو روش کشت متقابل و تولید متابولیت­های فرّار ضدقارچی به منظور مطالعات مهار زیستی استفاده شد. در کشت متقابل، جدایه  Y–25–3از P. aeruginosa با۱۱/۶۱ درصدو در متابولیت فرّار جدایه B. subtilis W با ۵۱/۶۰ درصد مؤثرترین جدایه­ها در مهار رشد میسلیومی قارچ عامل بیماری بودند. در بررسی­های گلخانه‌ای این شش جدایه باکتریایی و بیمارگر P. oryzae پس از ۱۲ روز روی گیاه برنج (رقم هاشمی) مایه­زنی شدند. تمامی جدایه­ها به­طور مؤثری قادر به کاهش شاخص بیماریP. oryzae  شدند و جدایه  Y–25–3از P. aeruginosa با کاهش شاخص بیماری به میزان 53/7۰ درصد مؤثرترین جدایه باکتری در بررسی­های گلخانه‌ای بود. تجزیه واریانس و مقایسه میانگین تیمارها با استفاده از آزمون دانکن و روش حداقل اختلاف معنی­دار (LSD) و بر اساس طرح کاملاً تصادفی نشان داد بین باکتری­ها از نظر درصد مهار میسلیومی در کشت متقابل و متابولیت فرّار اختلاف معنی‌داری وجود داشت. هم‌چنین در گلخانه بین تیمارهای مختلف از نظر صفات شاخص بیماری، ارتفاع بوته و وزن تر اختلاف معنی­داری مشاهده شد، در حالی که از نظر صفت وزن خشک بین تیمارها اختلاف معنی­داری وجود نداشت. با توجه به نتایج به­دست آمده از بررسی­های بیوکنترل در آزمایشگاه و گلخانه، جدایه P. aeruginosa به عنوان مؤثرترین باکتری در کنترل بیماری بلاست برنج معرفی می­شود. 

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