سازوکار Quorum sensing در باکتری‎ها و سیستم بازدارندۀ آن

نوع مقاله : علمی-مروری

نویسندگان

گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان

چکیده

پدیدۀ Quorum sensing (QS) یک سیستم تنظیمی وابسته به تراکم سلولی است که برای ارتباط بین سلولی توسط باکتری‎ها استفاده می‎شود. شمار زیادی از باکتری‎های گرم منفی و گرم مثبت از این سیستم ارتباطی برای هماهنگی بیان ژن‎ها و رفتارهای جمعی همانند ترشح فاکتورهای بیماری‎زایی، تولید آنتی‎بیوتیک، رقابت، تشکیل بیوفیلم و زیست‎تابی استفاده می‎کنند. در این پدیدۀ ارتباط یک سلول باکتریایی با سلول باکتریایی دیگر از طریق ارسال و دریافت مولکول‎های پیام‎رسان کوچک به نام خودالقاگر انجام می‎شود. در سلول‎های باکتریایی برای جلوگیری از سیستم QS سیستم دیگری به نامQuorum quenching (QQ) گزارش شده است. در سیستم QQ، سلول باکتریایی با استفاده از تراوش ترکیبات بازدارنده و برخی آنزیم‎ها در سیستم QS اختلال ایجاد می‎کند. با توجه به پتانسیل بازدارندگی QQ در بر هم‎زدن شبکه ارتباطی سلول‎های بیمارگر باکتریایی در مراحل نخستین بیماری، این سیستم به عنوان یک راهبرد جدید برای کنترل بیماری‎های باکتریایی گیاهی معرفی شده است.

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