مهارزیستی نماتد ریشه گرهی Meloidogyne incognita توسط قارچTrichoderma harzianum Iran2375c در خیار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران

چکیده

امروزه مهارزیستی نماتدهای ریشه­گرهی با هدف کاهش اثرات خطرناک سموم شیمیایی از جمله تهدید سلامت بشر و آلودگی محیط زیست یک اولویت به‌شمار می­رود. یکی از عوامل مؤثر در مهار زیستی، قارچ­ها هستند. تحقیقات زیادی نشان­دهنده عملکرد مؤثر spp. Trichoderma در کاهش خسارت و مهار بیماری­های مختلف بوده است. در مطالعات آزمایشگاهی این پژوهش تأثیر عصاره کشت قارچ Trichoderma harzianum Iran2375cبر مرگ و میر جوان مرحله دوم و تفریخ تخم در زمان­های 24، 48 و 72 ساعت با استفاده از غلظت­های 1:1، 1:10 و 1:100 عصاره کشت تعیین شد. در مطالعات گلخانه­ای گیاهچه­های چهار برگی، با غلظت 106 اسپور در گرم مایه‌زنی شده و پس از گذشت 10 روز از مایه‌زنی خاک گلدان­ها به‌وسیله قارچ، تعداد 3000 تخم و جوان مرحله دومنماتد Meloidogyne incognitaبه ازای هر کیلو خاک پای ریشه گیاهچه­ها تلقیح شد. آزمایش در شرایط گلخانه­ای در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تیمار در ده تکرار انجام شد. دو ماه پس از تلقیح نماتد،  شاخص­های رشدی گیاه و شاخص­های مربوط به نماتد اندازه­گیری شد. در مطالعات آزمایشگاهی غلظت 1:1 مؤثرترین در مرگ و میر جوان مرحله دوم و تفریخ تخم بود. با بررسی نتایج مطالعات گلخانه­ای شاخص­های رشدی تیمارها دارای اختلاف معنی­دار با شاهد بودند. طبق نتایج تجزیه واریانس تمام شاخص­های مربوط به نماتد در سطح یک درصد  اختلاف معنی­دار نشان داد. نتایج این تحقیق نشان دهنده پتانسیل این قارچ در مهار زیستی این نماتد و همچنین بهبود عملکرد رشدی گیاه می­باشد.

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