مهار زیستی بیماری لکه‌موجی گوجه‌فرنگی با استفاده از سویه‌های اپیفیت تریکودرما

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و صنایع ‌غذایی، واحد علوم‌ و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

2 مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

لکه موجی با عامل Alternaria spp.یکی از بیماری‌های مهم گوجه‌فرنگی است که سالانه خسارت شدیدی به این محصول وارد می‌کند. کنترل بیولوژیک این بیماری با استفاده از قارچ‌های اپیفیت به‌عنوان میکروارگانیسم‌های سازگار در اندام‌های هوایی می‌تواند جایگزین مناسبی برای آفت‌کش‌های خطرناک شیمیایی باشد. جهت جداسازی قارچ‌های اپیفیت، پس از نمونه‌برداری از بوته‌های سالم گوجه‌فرنگی، قطعاتی از برگ و ساقه در ظروف ارلن حاوی آب مقطر و روی دستگاه تکان‌دهنده قرار گرفت و سوسپانسیون به‌دست آمده کشت داده شد. به‌منظور یافتن سویه‌های بیوکنترل مؤثر، جدایه‌های به‌دست آمده با استفاده از روش‌های کشت متقابل و تأثیر متابولیت‌های فرّار و غیر فرّار علیه قارچ بیمارگر (Alternaria alternata SN1–1) در آزمایشگاه، غربال و جدایه‌های مؤثر برای بررسی اثر آن‌ها در کنترل بیماری در شرایط گلخانه انتخاب شدند. در گلخانه، سوسپانسیون کنیدی‌های قارچ‌های اپیفیت در دو مرحله بر روی اندام‌های هوایی گیاه محلولپاشی شد. دو هفته پس از مایه‌زنی بیمارگر، شدت بیماری بر اساس یک مقیاس 9–0 ارزیابی شد. نتایج غربالگری در آزمایشگاه نشان داد که قارچ‌های اپیفیت مورد مطالعه با درجات مختلف از رشد میسلیومی قارچ بیمارگر جلوگیری کردند. حداکثر این بازدارندگی در آزمون‌های کشت متقابل، متابولیت‌های فرّار و متابولیت‌های غیرفرّار به‌ترتیب 70، 53 و 68 درصد بود. در گلخانه‌، کم‌ترین شاخص درصد بیماری مربوط به جدایه‌های F1–22 و  P4–1(4/81% کنترل بیماری) و  P1–1و P2–1 (4/74% کنترل بیماری) بود. جدایه‌های F1–22،  P4–1و P2–1 به گونهTrichoderma harzianum و جدایه P1–1 به گونه Trichoderma longibrachiatum تعلق داشتند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


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