بررسی اثر کشندگی عصاره‌های گیاهی و اثرات سینرژیستی آن‌ها با قارچ Beauveria bassiana برای کنترل جمعیت شپشه‌دندانه‌دار Oryzaephilus surinaemensis در شرایط تغذیه از خرما

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دفتر امور میوه‌های گرمسیری و نیمه گرمسیری، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

2 پژوهشکده خرما و میوه‌های گرمسیری کشور، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران

3 گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان

چکیده

در صورت سازگار بودن عصاره­های گیاهی با قارچ Beauveria bassiana، و وجود اثرات تشدیدکنندگی بین این دو، امکان افزایش کارآیی در کنترل میکروبی آفت انباری خرما وجود دارد. هدف از انجام این پژوهش بررسی اثرات کشندگی و سینرژیستی عصاره­های گیاهی در تلفیق با B. bassiana به منظور امکان سنجی کنترل جمعیت شپشه دندانه دار Oryzaephilus surinaemensis در شرایط انبارداری خرما بود. قسمت­های رویشی و زایشی هوایی گیاهان مورد، درمنه کوهی، پونه ، بومادارن و چریش آزمایش شدند. اثر عصاره­های گیاهان بر رشد میسلیومی و درصد جوانه­زنی B. bassiana به روش اختلاط عصاره مایع الکلی با محیط کشت بررسی شد. قدرت کشندگی عصاره­های گیاهی سازگار به صورت منفرد و در تلفیق با B. bassiana روی حشره کامل و لارو شپشه دندانه­دار ارزیابی شد. نتایج نشان داد B. bassiana در محیط­های عصاره درمنه و چریش توانایی رشد میسلیومی و جوانه­زنی اسپور دارد. درصد جوانه‌زنی اسپور در تمام غلظت‌ها در چریش بالاتر از درمنه بود. برای کاهش 50 درصد قدرت جوانه‌زنی قارچ توسط چریش غلظتی معادل 4/1949 میکرولیتر/لیتر نیاز بود. کمترین درصد کاهش رشد میسیلیومی در غلظت 250 میکرولیتر/لیتر چریش و معادل 1/3 درصد و بیشترین آن در 1000 میکرولیتر/لیتر درمنه و معادل 1/20 درصد بود. برای کاهش 50 درصدی رشد میسیلیومی قارچ توسط چریش به غلظتی معادل 4/36679 میکرولیتر/لیتر نیاز بود. بالاترین شاخص سازگاری در غلظت 500 میکرولیتر/لیتر چریش و معادل 89/76 درصد و کم‌ترین در 1000 میکرولیتر/لیتر درمنه بود. هر دو عصاره دارای اثرات سینرژیستی در بیمارگری B. bassiana روی حشره کامل و لارو بودند. اما عصاره چریش اثرات سینرژیستی بالاتری نشان داد.

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