شناسایی، پراکنش و تنوع کارکردی جدایه‌های ایرانی Pythium oligandrum

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

2 مستوفی‌زاده قلمفرسا

چکیده

گونه Pythium oligandrum یکی از عوامل زیست­مهار مهم در برابر بیمارگرهای گیاهی محسوب می­شود. بر اساس آزمون­های ریخت­شناختی و مولکولی جدایه­های این گونه از استان­های آذربایجان غربی، ایلام، بوشهر، چهارمحال و بختیاری، فارس، کرمانشاه، کرمان، گلستان و یزد جداسازی و شناسایی گردید. بیشترین فراوانی جدایه­ها به ترتیب در استان­های کرمانشاه و فارس مشاهده شد. به منظور غربال­گری، تنوع کارکردی جدایه­ها بر اساس دمای رشد و اثر مهار زیستی آن­ها در شرایط آزمایشگاه ارزیابی شد. اثر جدایه‌های بومی P. oligandrum در برابر قارچ‌های بیمارگر خاک‌برد شامل Rhizoctonia solani، Phytophthora parasitica، Fusarium solani، F. redoens، F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici و F. oxysporum f. sp. pisi با واکاوی‌های آماری ناپارامتریک ارزیابی و با سویه­های تجاری Fusarium oxysporum، Clonostachys rosea، P. oligandrum و Trichoderma asperellum مقایسه گردید. جدایه­های بومی P. oligandrum در دمای رشدی و فعالیت­های زیست­مهاری خود دارای تنوع بودند. بیشترین میزان بازدارندگی رشد ریسه در برهمکنش جدایه‌ی P. oligandrum با R. solani مشاهده شد. ترکیبات فرّار این جدایه‌ها بیشترین اثر معنی‌دار را روی P. parasitica وR. solani و کمترین اثر را روی F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici نشان دادند. همچنین ترکیبات غیرفرّار آن­ها بیشترین اثر معنی‌دار خود را روی P. parasitica نشان دادند. در آزمون‌های ترکیبات فرّار و غیرفرّار، در اکثر تیمارها بین فرم تجاری P. oligandrum و جدایه‌ها‌ی P. oligandrumتفاوتمعنی­داری مشاهده نشد. نتایج تحقیق حاضر نشان داد که ویژگی­های رشدی و توان جدایه‌های بومی P. oligandrumدر مهار بیمارگرهای گیاهی مختلف، در شرایط آزمایشگاهی متفاوت است و از تنوع موجود می­توان در غربال‌گری‌های بیوشیمیایی و گلخانه‌ای آن­ها استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


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