ارزیابی قارچ‌های اندوفیت جدا شده از برنج برای مهار زیستی بیماری بلاست

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

2 مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

3 گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع ‌طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

چکیده

بیماری بلاست با عامل Pyricularia oryzae مهمترین بیماری برنج در جهان می‌باشد. استفاده از سموم شیمیایی، اگرچه باعث کنترل بیماری می‌شوند، اما آسیب‌های جدی به انسان و محیط زیست وارد می‌کنند. این پژوهش با هدفِ استفاده از قارچ‌های اندوفیت برنج به‌عنوان جایگزین مؤثر و بی‌خطر قارچ‌کش‌های شیمیایی برای کنترل این بیماری انجام شد. جدایه‌های قارچی اندوفیت از برگ، ساقه، غلاف و ریشه بوته‌های برنج در شالیزار‌های استان‌های مازندران و گیلان جداسازی شدند و فعالیت آنتاگونیستی آن‌ها علیه جدایه پُر‌آزار قارچ بیمارگر به روش کشت متقابل مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. سپس، بذور برنج با جدایه‌های منتخب اندوفیت، تیمار و بیماری در نشاها و نیز شاخص‌های رشد برنج در شرایط گلخانه تعیین شدند. کمترین میزان شدت بلاست در نشاهای برنج تحت تیمار قارچ‌های اندوفیت Fusarium sp. NR–L645 وMicrodochium bolleyi NR–SH321 با 67/91 درصد کنترل بیماری مشاهده شد. همچنین، این دو جدایه باعث افزایش معنی‌دار شاخص‌های رشد گیاه برنج نسبت به گیاهان شاهد شدند. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که قارچ‌های اندوفیت برنج می‌توانند به‌عنوان عوامل کنترل زیستی بیماری بلاست و افزاینده رشد برنج با هدف کاربردی نمودن آن‌ها در تحقیقات آتی مورد توجه قرار گیرند.

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