بررسی الگوی بیان ژن‌های دفاعی برنج تیمار شده با نانوذره نقره بیولوژیک در تعامل با Magnaporthe oryzae، قارچ عامل بیماری بلاست

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه ولی عصر (عج) رفسنجان

2 دانشگاه ولی عصر (عج) رفسنجان، رفسنجان، کرمان

3 دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، مازندران

4 موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، معاونت مازندران، آمل

چکیده

بلاست از مهم­ترین و مخرب­ترین بیماری­های برنج در دنیا می­باشد. نانو­ذرات عوامل ضد­میکروبی هستند که به­صورت محرک­های زیستی و غیر­زیستی مورد استفاده قرار گرفته و می­توانند موجب القای مقاومت در گیاه در برابر عوامل بیمارگر شوند. تأثیرات نانو ذرات بیولوژیک و غیر­بیولوژیک مختلف در بازدارندگی بیمارگر­های قارچی مختلف گیاهان از جمله قارچ عامل بیماری بلاست به اثبات رسیده است. اما در مورد تاثیر نانوذره بیولوژیک بر کنترل این بیماری از طریق القاء مقاومت و بیان ژن­های دفاعی مطالعه‌ای صورت نگرفته است. در این مطالعه، علاوه بر تأثیر مستقیم نانوذره نقره بیولوژیک سنتز شده از قارچ Trichoderma harzianum در شرایط آزمایشگاه، تأثیر غیر­مستقیم آن از طریق القای مقاومت سیستمیک در رقم حساس طارم محلی بر قارچ بیمارگرMagnaporthe oryzae  در شرایط گلخانه بررسی شد. بدین منظور، بیان چند ژن مهم دفاعی در گیاه تیمارشده با نانوذره بیولوژیک در مقایسه با گیاهان شاهد (تیمار فاقد نانوذره نقره بیولوژیک) در زمان­های مختلف پس از تلقیح با بیمارگر با روش Real–time qPCR مورد بررسی قرارگرفت. نتایج بررسی مستقیم حاکی از تأثیر مثبت غلظت­های مختلف نانوذره بیولوژیک در کاهش رشد بیمارگر در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد بود، به­ طوری­که میزان بازدارندگی از رشد بیمارگر در غلظت­های 5/4، 9، 18، 27 و 36 میکرو­گرم در میلی­لیتر در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد به ترتیب 7، 28، 56، 81 و 92 درصد بود. بررسی فنوتیپی برهمکنش گیاه برنج و قارچ عامل بیماری بلاست در حضور نانوذره بیولوژیک نشان داد که اختلاف معنی­داری بین شدت بیماری در گیاهان تیمار شده با نانوذره بیولوژیک در مقایسه با گیاهان شاهد وجود ندارد. همچنین تجمع ترانوشت ژن­های NPR1، PR2، PR3 وLOX  بین دو تیمار مذکور، افزایش قابل ملاحظه و معنی­داری را نشان نداد. بنابراین، تأثیر غیر­مستقیم نانوذره نقره بیولوژیک سنتز شده بر بیمارگر از طریق القاء مقاومت و افزایش بیان ژن­های دفاعی گیاه برنج قابل توجه نمی­باشد.

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