ارزیابی میزان شکارگری و ترجیح طعمه سن شکارگر (Wolff) Orius niger در کنترل آفات مهم مکنده دانه‌‏های روغنی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مرکزتحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران

2 موسسه تحقیقات گیاه‏پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

3 گروه گیاه‏پزشکی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

4 مدیریت جهاد کشاورزی گرگان، سازمان جهاد کشاورزی گلستان، گرگان، ایران

چکیده

سفیدبالک‌ها و تریپس‌ها از آفات مهمی هستند که در مزارع دانه‏های روغنی فعالیت می‌کنند و علاوه بر خسارت مستقیم، به‌طور غیرمستقیم نیز منجر به کاهش کمّی و کیفی دانه‏های روغنی می‌شوند. سن شکارگرOrius niger  یکی از عوامل مهار زیستی موثر تریپس‌ها و سفیدبالک‌ها است که در مزارع دانه‏های روغنی و به ویژه پنبه استان گلستان به‏وفور مشاهده می‌شود. به‏منظور ارزیابی کارایی شکارگری O. niger، این سن از مزارع پنبه جمع‌آوری شد و در شرایط آزمایشگاهی پرورش داده شد. در آزمایش‏های مربوط به میزان شکارگری به ازای هر شکارگر (ماده) تراکم‌های 5، 10، 20، 30 و 40 پوره سفیدبالک، 5، 10، 20، 30 و 50 تخم سفیدبالک و 5، 10، 20، 30 و 40 پوره تریپس داخل ظرف پتری (ده سانتی‏متری) قرار داده شد. نتایج رگرسیون لجستیک نشان داد که واکنش تابعی برای هر دو مرحله تخم و پوره سفید‏بالک از نوع واکنش تابعی نوع  سوم و برای پوره تریپس از نوع دوم می‏باشد. پرآسنجه قدرت جستجو (a′) برای پوره تریپس، تخم و پوره سفید‏بالک به‏ترتیب 0697/0، 01193/0 و 01072/0 بر ساعت محاسبه شد. مدت زمان لازم برای دست‏یابی (Th) سن شکارگر به پوره تریپس، تخم و پوره سفید‏بالک مقادیر 3802/0، 2686/0 و 1042/4 ساعت به‏دست آمد. آزمایش ترجیح طعمه با استفاده از فرمول منلی محاسبه شد. شاخص منلی پوره تریپس (شکار I) و تخم سفید‏بالک (شکار II) به‏ترتیب 92/0 و 08/0 و برای پوره ترپیس (شکار I) و پوره سفید‏بالک (شکار II) 85/0 و 15/0 به‏دست آمد، که نشان می‏دهد سن شکارگر O. niger پوره تریپس را به‏طور معنی‏داری به دو طعمه دیگر ترجیح می‏دهد. به‏طور کلی، این حشره  می‏تواند به‏عنوان عامل مهار زیستی تریپس در مزارع دانه‏های روغنی و به‏ویژه مزارع پنبه معرفی شود.

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