جداسازی و شناسایی مقدماتی قارچ‌های اندوفیت و همراه بیماری زوال مو در استان زنجان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی بیماری‌شناسی گیاهی، گروه گیاه پزشکی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد ورامین-پیشوا- دانشکده کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار، موسسه تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه گیاه پزشکی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد ورامین-پیشوا- دانشکده کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

4 دانشیار، موسسه تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

10.22092/bcpp.2022.128596

چکیده

قارچ­های اندوفیت و همراه بیماری زوال مو از تاکستان­های استان زنجان جداسازی شدند و اثر بازدارندگی برخی از قارچ­های جدا شده، بر رشد دو قارچ بیمارگر تنۀ مو شامل Cytospora chrysosperma و Fusarium sp. مطالعه شد. نود و پنج جدایۀ قارچی از از بافت­های سالم (54/63 درصد) و آلوده (46/36 درصد) تنه و ریشۀ مو جداسازی شد. با ضدعفونی سطحی قوی و چند مرحله‌ای، احتمال جداسازی قارچ­های ساپروفیت و اپی­فیت به حداقل ممکن رسانده شد؛ بنابراین قارچ­هایی که از بافت سالم جدا شده و تست بیماریزایی‌شان مثبت نبود، اندوفیت و آنهایی که از بافت آلوده جدا شدند، قارچ همراه بیماری زوال مو قلمداد شدند. شناسایی مقدماتی 13 جدایه شاخص تا سطح جنس و در مواردی گونه، بر اساس خصوصیات ریخت­شناسی ماکروسکوپی و میکروسکوپی و توالی نوکلئوتیدی ناحیه ITS–rDNA انجام شد. جدایه­های شناسایی شده مشتمل بر 10 جنس و شامل آرایه­های Alternaria malorum، Alternaria sp.، Allocanariomyces tritici، Aaosphaeria arxii، Clonostachys rosea، Chaetomium sp.، Daldinia loculata، sp. Daldinia، Fusarium oxysporum، Fusarium sp.، Macrophomina phaseolina، Phaeoacremonium minimum و Stromatinia narcissi بودند. با بررسی فعالیت آنتاگونیستی 13 جدایۀ قارچی به روش کشت متقابل، گونه­های F. oxysporum، P. minimum و C. rosea بیشترین میزان بازدارندگی رشد در مقابل دو قارچ بیمارگر تنۀ مو شامل C. chrysosperma و Fusarium sp. نشان دادند. دو گونه  arxii. AوS. narcissi  از بافت تنۀ سالم جداسازی شدند و طبق اطلاعات ما برای نخستین بار به عنوان قارچ­های اندوفیت از مو در دنیا گزارش می­شوند. گونۀ D. loculata از بافت تنۀ آلوده جداسازی شد و برای نخستین بار به عنوان قارچ همراه بیماری­های تنۀ مو از دنیا گزارش می­شود. به علاوه، دو گونۀ A. tritici و F. oxysporum با وجود اینکه از بافت سالم ریشه جدا شده بودند، در آزمون بیماری­زایی، باعث ایجاد شانکر داخلی در ساقه شده و برای اولین بار به عنوان بیمارگر مو از دنیا گزارش می­شوند.

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