مروری بر اهمیت خانواده Tachinidae (Diptera: Oestroidea) در برنامه‌های کنترل بیولوژیک آفات

نوع مقاله : علمی-مروری

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته دکتری، گروه حشره‌شناسی کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه حشره‌شناسی کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

10.22092/bcpp.2022.128712

چکیده

دوبالان دومین گروه از مهم­ترین پارازیتوئیدهای حشرات پس از بال غشاییان می­ باشند و حدود 20 درصد از حشرات پارازیتوئید را شامل می­ شوند. خانواده Tachinidae حدود 1500 جنس معتبر و بیش از 8500 گونه توصیف شده در جهان دارد و بزرگترین و مهم­ترین خانواده از پارازیتوئیدهای راسته Diptera می ­باشد. این خانواده شامل چهار زیرخانواده Exoristinae، Tachininae، Dexiinae و Phasiinae است، که بزرگ­ترین آنها از نظر تعداد گونه زیر خانواده Exoristinae می­ باشد. تعدادی از گونه­ های خانواده Tachinidae در برنامه ­های کنترل بیولوژیک کلاسیک و اشباعی بویژه در مناطق نئارکتیک و نئوتروپیکال مورد استفاده قرار گرفته ­اند. با وجود پتانسیل بالای مگس­های پارازیتوئید Tachinidae به عنوان عوامل کنترل بیولوژیک موثر آفات کشاورزی و عرصه­ های طبیعی، نقش آنها در کنترل آفات کمتر مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. نه تنها در ایران، بلکه در بسیاری از نقاط جهان نیز افراد این خانواده به صورت تجاری در دسترس نمی­ باشند و تنها برخی از گونه ­های این خانواده تکثیر انبوه شده­ اند. در دهه اخیر، پژوهش­های قابل توجهی در مورد شناسایی و طبقه­ بندی دوبالان خانواده Tachinidae در ایران انجام شده است و تاکنون بیش از 270 گونه از این خانواده در کشور گزارش شده است. در این مقاله، جنبه -های مختلف زیست­ شناسی و پرورش مگس­های پارازیتوئید خانواده Tachinidae و مثال­هایی از برنامه­ های کنترل بیولوژیک انجام شده در جهان و جایگاه آنها در برنامه­ های کنترل بیولوژیک آفات مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. هدف از این بررسی، آشکار ساختن نقش گونه­ های این خانواده در برنامه­ های کنترل بیولوژیک و بکارگیری آن­ها در برنامه­ های مدیریت تلفیقی آفات کلیدی کشور می­ باشد.

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